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Table 3 Within and between-group analysis of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), thriving and self-determination among home care receivers

From: Effects of a person-centred and health-promoting intervention in home care services– a non-randomized controlled trial

 

Within group analysis Intervention groupa

Cohens’ d

Within group analysis Control groupa

Cohens’ d

Between group analysis Intervention/Contol b

 

Cohens d

n

Baseline

Mean (SD)

Follow-up

Mean (SD)

p-value

n

Baseline

Mean (SD)

Follow-up

Mean (SD)

p-value

p-value

EQ-5D (−0.53–1.0)

27

0.68(0.2)

0.66(0.18)

0.616

 

28

0.71 (0.24)

0.64 (25)

0.051

 

0.288

(−0.148, 0.450)

 

EQ-VAS (0–100)

33

52 (19)

53(22)

0.756

 

34

62 (22)

56 (23)

0.045*

0.27

0.196

−16.525, 3.456

 

NHP (0–100)

 Energy

31

43 (39)

54 (41)

0.025*

0.27

31

43 (39)

51 (44)

0.198

 

0.516

−21.682, 11.016

 

 Pain

29

33 (32)

31 (32)

0.614

 

27

31 (33)

31 (31)

0.885

 

0.571

−6.989, 12.525

 

 Emotions

29

17 (17)

24 (23)

0.039*

0.35

26

14 (18)

14 (23)

0.862

 

0.048

(−17.435, −0.098)

0,43

 Sleep

34

36 (30)

37 (27)

0.872

 

29

31 (24)

29 (26)

0.515

 

0.677

−14.558, 9.526

 

 Isolation

34

16 (19)

18 (19)

0.521

 

30

13 (16)

18 (22)

0.229

 

0.331

−5.051,14.761

 

 Mobility

30

44 (24)

46 (24)

0.682

 

28

46 (30)

50 (34)

0.271

 

0.708

−8.482,12.398

 

TOPAS (number of scores in scale)

 Total score (32–192)

19

157 (17)

153 (17)

0.354

 

17

151 (18)

144 (22)

0.009*

0.35

0.325

−16.147, 5.514

 

 Residents’ attitude (4–24)

35

23 (2)

22 (3)

0.110

 

34

23 (2)

22 (2)

0.472

 

0.306

−0.564, 1.769

 

 Quality of care (9–54)

33

50 (4)

49 (4)

0.540

 

29

49 (4)

48 (6)

0.026*

0.20

0.159

−4.448, 0.746

 

 Activities and peer relationships (8–48)

23

33 (12)

34 (11)

0.531

 

21

31 (11)

27 (12)

0.015*

 

0.026*

(−10. 766, −0.717)

0,75

 Opportunities to keep in touch (4–24)

32

19 (4)

18 (5)

0.147

 

29

19 (5)

18 (5)

0.114

 

0.820

−2.076, 2.609

 

 Physical environment (5–25)

32

29 (2)

28 (2)

0.273

 

29

28 (2)

28 (3)

0.019*

0.0

0.715

−1.168, 0.806

 

IPA-O (number of scores in scale)

 Self-determination, mobility (4–20)

36

6.2 (3.1)

6.7 (3.8)

0.505

 

35

6.3 (4.0)

6.0 (2.9)

0.623

 

0.694

−2.590, 1.734

 

 Self-determination, self-care (5–25)

36

5.6 (1.4)

6.0 (2.3)

0.180

 

37

6.5 (4.1)

6.7 (2.8)

0.757

 

0.771

−1.718, 1.279

 

 Self-determination, household activities (4–20)

25

7.0 (4.3)

8.1 (3.8)

0.202

 

27

9.1 (3.5)

7.7 (3.9)

0.099

 

0.060

−5.174, 0.166

 

 Social relationships (5–25)

34

7.5 (2.6)

8.4 (2.9)

0.041*

0.33

37

8.3 (4.0)

8.4 (3.8)

0.877

 

0.261

−2.296, 0.633

 
  1. aPaired-sample t-test
  2. b between group analysis of within group changes using linear regression adjusting for the variables Living alone and Housing
  3. *Statistically significant difference p-value ≥0.05
  4. EQ-5D EuroQol-five dimensions, EQ-VAS = EuroQol visual analogue scale, IPA-O Impact on Participation and Autonomy – Older Persons questionnaire, NHP Nottingham Health Profile, SD Standard deviation, TOPAS Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale
  5. For the EQ-5D, EQ-VAS, TOPAS, a high value = positive outcome; for NHP and IPA-O, a high value = negative outcome