Table 4 Associations between insomnia-related characteristics and gender

AIS total scores

4.13 ± 4.39

3.19 ± 3.68

5.07 ± 4.84

< 0.001

120 (30.0%)

46 (22.9%)

74 (37.2%)

2.35

1.36-4.06

0.002

Sleep induction

0.74 ± 0.98

0.54 ± 0.87

0.93 ± 1.05

< 0.001

173 (43.3%)

68 (33.8%)

105 (52.8%)

2.32

1.40-3.85

0.001

Awakenings during the night

0.78 ± 0.96

0.68 ± 0.93

0.87 ± 0.98

0.049

188 (47.0%)

85 (42.3%)

103 (51.8%)

–

–

–

Final awakening

0.34 ± 0.68

0.29 ± 0.61

0.39 ± 0.75

0.130

95 (23.8%)

43 (21.4%)

52 (26.1%)

–

–

–

Total sleep duration

0.54 ± 0.91

0.34 ± 0.71

0.75 ± 1.03

< 0.001

128 (32.0%)

45 (22.4%)

83 (41.7%)

3.57

2.05-6.22

< 0.001

Sleep quality

0.61 ± 0.93

0.40 ± 0.72

0.82 ± 1.06

< 0.001

142 (35.5%)

54 (26.9%)

88 (44.2%)

2.67

1.57-4.54

< 0.001

Well-being during the day

0.41 ± 0.75

0.31 ± 0.66

0.51 ± 0.83

0.010

108 (27.0%)

43 (21.4%)

65 (32.7%)

–

–

–

Functioning capacity during the day

0.24 ± 0.58

0.20 ± 0.54

0.28 ± 0.62

0.183

69 (17.3%)

29 (14.4%)

40 (20.1%)

–

–

–

Sleepiness during the day

0.48 ± 0.79

0.44 ± 0.75

0.51 ± 0.83

0.343

128 (32.0%)

62 (30.8%)

66 (33.2%)

1.72

1.06-2.79

0.029