Table 2 AQT naming-time differences (s) based on demographic variables in three groups of control, elderly with MCI and dementia

38.20 ± 11.03

57.59 ± 13.18

108.08 ± 37.75

38.87 ± 14.21

120.15 ± 45.93

205.25 ± 100.79

84.31 ± 24.17

208.57 ± 64.41

338.67 ± 136.38

r = 0.09

P = 0.55

r = 0.05

P = 0.74

r = 0.28

P = 0.06

r = 0.01

P = 0.98

r = 0.14

P = 0.36

r = 0.11

P = 0.48

r = − 0.37

P = 0.08

r = − 0.41

P = 0.06

r = − 0.31

P = 0.14

Sex

Male

34.79 ± 8.8

34.74 ± 8.74

78.11 ± 18.9

57.82 ± 14.55

111.29 ± 44.85

198.94 ± 70.88

102.42 ± 41.57

315.25 ± 110.32

315.25 ± 110.32

Female

40.69 ± 11.96

41.88 ± 16.68

88.85 ± 26.85

56.92 ± 8.65

145.25 ± 40.77

235.83 ± 28.27

113.75 ± 34.38

362.08 ± 159.76

362.08 ± 159.76

P = 0.08

Df = 43

P = 0.09

Df = 43

P = 0.14

Df = 43

P = 0.84

Df = 44

P = 0.06

Df = 44

P = 0.08

Df = 44

P = 0.47

Df = 22

P = 0.41

Df = 22

P = 0.41

Df = 22

Education

Illiterate

–

–

–

63.09 ± 19.75

137.64 ± 47.40

250 ± 64.11

108.33 ± 56.78

221.11 ± 147.87

349.44 ± 102.23

Grade school

42.5 ± 10.41

45.5 ± 13.1

87.75 ± 8.77

54.29 ± 8.47

114.38 ± 42.75

196.04 ± 62.95

103.89 ± 23.02

200.11 ± 68.71

359.78 ± 185.09

Middle school

42.17 ± 8.54

51.67 ± 14.22

95.67 ± 20.68

47 ± 2.82

76.50 ± 19.09

135 ± 21.21

102.5 ± 10.61

210 ± 42.42

267.5 ± 60.1

Upper school

38.73 ± 8.99

35.55 ± 4.46

92.82 ± 23.16

60.86 ± 12.79

112.86 ± 52.58

208.71 ± 54.59

119.75 ± 24.98

178.75 ± 67.87

302.50 ± 123.93

University education

36.25 ± 12.49

36.08 ± 15.74

77 ± 25.61

66 ± 15.55

162.50 ± 38.89

204 ± 50.91

–

–

–

P = 0.55

Df = 44

F = 0.71

P = 0.06

Df = 44

F = 2.70

P = 0.17

Df = 44

F = 1.73

P = 0.2

Df = 45

F = 1.56

P = 0.33

Df = 45

F = 1.47

P = 0.08

Df = 45

F = 2.24

P = 0.92

Df = 23

F = 0.16

P = 0.92

Df = 23

F = 0.15

P = 0.8

Df = 23

F = 0.33