| |
Men
|
Women
|
|---|
|
β
|
95%CI
|
β
|
95%CI
|
|---|
|
Changes in Handgrip strength
|
|
Same or Increased
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Decreased
|
−0.3142
|
(− 0.4129 -0.2154)
|
− 0.2685
|
(− 0.3732 -0.1637)
|
|
Age
|
|
45–54
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
55–64
|
− 0.1218
|
(− 0.2560 0.0124)
|
− 0.1374
|
(− 0.2760 0.0012)
|
|
65–74
|
− 0.5936
|
(− 0.7915 -0.3957)
|
−1.2507
|
(− 1.4799 -1.0214)
|
|
≥75
|
− 1.6447
|
(− 1.9444 -1.3449)
|
−3.4250
|
(−3.7685 -3.0814)
|
|
Education level
|
|
Elementary school or less
|
−2.2240
|
(−2.4879 -1.9601)
|
−2.9756
|
(−3.2934 -2.6577)
|
|
Middle school
|
− 0.8777
|
(− 1.1216 -0.6337)
|
−1.0498
|
(− 1.3567 -0.7428)
|
|
High school
|
−0.5350
|
(− 0.7142 -0.3557)
|
−0.5839
|
(− 0.8543 -0.3136)
|
|
University or beyond
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Region
|
|
Metropolitan
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Small or Medium Cities
|
−0.3659
|
(− 0.5544 -0.1774)
|
−0.5500
|
(− 0.7737 -0.3262)
|
|
Rural
|
−0.3564
|
(− 0.5755 -0.1373)
|
−0.8134
|
(− 1.0690 -0.5578)
|
|
Working status
|
|
Working
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Non-working
|
− 0.4528
|
(− 0.6053 -0.3003)
|
−0.4327
|
(− 0.5817 -0.2836)
|
|
Household income
|
|
Quartile 1 (low)
|
−0.5991
|
(− 0.8564 -0.3417)
|
−0.3133
|
(− 0.5657 -0.0609)
|
|
Quartile 2
|
−0.0653
|
(− 0.2554 0.1249)
|
0.0357
|
(−0.1743 0.2458)
|
|
Quartile 3
|
−0.0110
|
(− 0.1703 0.1484)
|
−0.0498
|
(− 0.2293 0.1296)
|
|
Quartile 4 (high)
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Participation in social activities
|
|
No
|
−0.9662
|
(− 1.1680 -0.7644)
|
−1.2188
|
(− 1.4130 -1.0247)
|
|
Yes
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Smoking
|
|
Current
|
0.2185
|
(−0.1002 0.3107)
|
0.2520
|
(− 0.3558 1.0495)
|
|
Former
|
0.1053
|
(0.0150 0.4221)
|
0.3468
|
(−0.3385 0.8425)
|
|
Never
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Alcohol Intake
|
|
Yes
|
0.0944
|
(− 0.0633 0.2521)
|
0.3999
|
(0.2034 0.5964)
|
|
No
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Number of chronic medical conditions
|
|
None
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
1
|
−0.0207
|
(− 0.1878 0.1464)
|
0.0023
|
(−0.1920 0.1966)
|
|
≥2
|
− 0.1014
|
(−0.3174 0.1145)
|
−0.2783
|
(− 0.5405 -0.0161)
|
|
Number of cohabiting generations
|
|
Couple
|
0.4467
|
(0.1589 0.7346)
|
0.7265
|
(0.4234 1.0296)
|
|
Two generation
|
0.3116
|
(0.0398 0.5835)
|
0.4248
|
(0.1206 0.7291)
|
|
Over two generation
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
BMI
|
|
Underweight
|
0.2462
|
(−0.2392 0.7316)
|
−0.3675
|
(− 0.8535 0.1185)
|
|
Normal weight
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Overweight
|
0.1452
|
(−0.0042 0.2945)
|
0.3958
|
(0.2294 0.5622)
|
|
Obesity
|
0.1092
|
(−0.0672 0.2856)
|
0.5409
|
(0.3336 0.7483)
|
|
Severe obesity
|
0.2504
|
(−0.4315 0.9323)
|
−0.2268
|
(− 0.7595 0.3060)
|
|
Perceived health status
|
|
Healthy
|
Ref.
| |
Ref.
| |
|
Average
|
−0.2811
|
(− 0.4087 -0.1536)
|
−0.3218
|
(− 0.4640 -0.1796)
|
|
Unhealthy
|
−1.2703
|
(− 1.5197 -1.0208)
|
−1.1481
|
(− 1.3674 -0.9288)
|
- BMI body mass index, Underweight: BMI < 18.5, Normal weight: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 23, Overweight: 23 ≤ BMI < 25, Obesity: 25 ≤ BMI < 30, Severe obesity: 30 ≤ BMI
