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Table 1 The descriptive statistics and the results of the repeated measure ANOVA used to determine the precision pinch performance, hand function, and sensory status under the three conditions

From: Effects of vibrotactile-enhanced music-based intervention on sensorimotor control capacity in the hand of an aging brain: a pilot feasibility randomized crossover trial

 

Conditions

Difference across conditions

Baseline

Active MBI

Vibortactile-enriched MBI

F

p

η2p

PHUA

FPpeak (N)

13.19 ± 1.54

12.91 ± 1.15‡

12.40 ± 1.01†‡

7.295

.003

.343

FRpeak

2.98 ± .33

2.94 ± .30‡

2.76 ± .23†‡

14.370

< 0.001

.507

MTT (seconds)

Barognosis

3.18 ± .10

3.10 ± .09‡

2.81 ± .09†‡

19.126

< 0.001

.577

Roughness differentiation

31.12 ± 6.40

28.56 ± 4.13*‡

27.49 ± 3.60†‡

15.036

< 0.001

.518

Stereognosis

24.86 ± 2.65

23.46 ± 2.71*

22.40 ± 4.39†

9.057

0.001

.393

SWM test (gm)

Thumb

.181 ± .211

.156 ± .206

.130 ± .205†

4.389

.022

.239

Index finger

.161 ± .170

.124 ± .153*‡

.083 ± .111†‡

6.373

.005

.313

Little finger

.123 ± .143

.093 ± .109‡

.060 ± .073†‡

4.700

.017

.251

PPT

Pin insertion- DH

14.1 ± .4

15.0 ± .3*

15.2 ± .3†

8.454

0.001

.377

Pin insertion- BH

11.3 ± 1.6

12.1 ± 1.2*

11.9 ± 1.4†

.11.932

< 0.001

.460

Assembly

31.8 ± 5.9

35.6 ± 5.6*

34.6 ± 5.2†

18.458

< 0.001

.568

  1. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the effects of the different interventions. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A post hoc test was used to examine whether any differences existed among the different conditions. After the Bonferroni correction, the statistical threshold was adjusted to p < 0.016
  2. *: Significant difference between Baseline and Active MBI. †: Significant difference between Baseline and Vibortactile-enriched MBI. ‡: Significant difference between Active MBI and Vibortactile-enriched MBI
  3. FRpeak Force ratio (FPpeak: FLmax), FPpeak maximum pinch force during the lifting phase, MTT Manual tactile test, SWM test Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, PPT Purdue Pegboard Test, DH Dominant hand, BH Both hands