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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included and excluded participants

From: Social isolation, social support and loneliness as predictors of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality

  

Included

( n = 11,486)

Excluded

(n = 1,398)

p–value

  

n

%

n

%

Age, years

     
 

mean±SD

75.03±4.22

76.80±4.82

<0.001

 

70 < 75

6,944

60 %

602

43 %

<0.001

 

75 < 80

2,950

26 %

435

31 %

 

≥ 80

1,592

14 %

361

26 %

Gender

     
 

Female

6,126

53 %

880

63 %

<0.001

 

Male

5,360

47 %

518

37 %

Social Isolation

    
 

No

11,262

98 %

n < 5 in a cell

0.6

 

Isolated

224

2 %

Social Support

    
 

High

11,258

98 %

1,067

98 %

0.6

 

Low

228

2 %

19

2 %

Loneliness

     
 

No

10,927

95 %

1,313

94 %

0.1

 

Lonely

559

5 %

82

6 %

Composite Social Health a

    
 

Positive

10,576

92 %

n < 5 in a cell

0.3

 

Poor

910

8 %

Ethnicity

     
 

White/Caucasian

11,345

99 %

1,372

98 %

0.09

 

Not

136

1 %

24

2 %

Education

     
 

≤12 years

6,701

58 %

915

65 %

<0.001

 

>12 years

4,785

42 %

483

35 %

Region

     
 

Major city

6,112

53 %

719

52 %

0.2

 

Inner regional

4,060

35 %

496

36 %

 

Outer regional/remote

1,289

11 %

176

13 %

Smoking Status

    
 

Current

328

3 %

30

2 %

0.1

 

Former

4,754

41 %

553

40 %

 

Never

6,404

56 %

815

58 %

Number of CVD risk factors b

    
 

mean±SD

2.00±1.03

2.03±1.00

0.3

 

0–1

3,713

32 %

448

32 %

0.2

 

2

3,399

30 %

388

28 %

 

3–5

4,361

38 %

560

40 %

  1. a The social health composite categories were defined as positive (not isolated, supported, and not lonely), or poor (isolated, not supported and/or lonely)
  2. b Number of five CVD risk factors (current tobacco smoking, hypertension, antihypertensive drug use, dyslipidemia, diabetes)