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Table 3 Variables of interest frequencies for each event and unadjusted and adjusted competing risk regression results

From: Risk factors for injuries in New Zealand older adults with complex needs: a national population retrospective study

  

First Event

  

Variable names

Total n (%)

Alive, no admission

Hospital admission

Death

Crude SHR (95% CI)

Adjusted*

Cognitive Skillsb

 Independent

35,030 (46.4)

15,702 (44.8)

3305 (9.4)

16,023 (45.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Minimal Independence

28,645 (37.9)

12,089 (42.2)

2837 (10.0)

13,719 (47.9)

1.10 (1.05 1.16)

1.01 (0.96 1.07)

 Moderate to Severe dependence

11,772 (15.6)

3964 (33.7)

1269 (10.8)

6539 (55.5)

1.16 (1.08 1.23)

1.00 (0.96 1.07)

 No discernible consciousness

36 (0.0)

2 (5.6)

3 (8.3)

31 (86.1)

0.82 (0.26 2.56)

1.39 (0.18 11.0)

Hearing lossd

 Adequate

39,339 (52.1)

18,174 (46.2)

3625 (9.2)

17,540 (44.6)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Minimal to moderate

33,257 (44.1)

12,752 (38.3)

3466 (10.4)

17,039 (51.2)

1.048 (0.99 1.11)

1.03 (0.98 1.09)

 Severe to none

2870 (3.8)

831 (29.0)

322 (11.2)

1717 (59.8)

1.04 (0.99 1.10)

1.00 (0.89 1.13)

Vision losse

 Adequate

54,518 (72.2)

24,231 (44.4)

5128 (9.4)

25,159 (46.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Minimal to moderate

19,267 (25.5)

6973 (36.2)

2094 (10.9)

10,200 (52.9)

1.12 (1.07 1.17)

1.00 (0.94 1.05)

 Severe to none

1680 (2.2)

553 (32.9)

190 (11.3)

937 (55.8)

1.16 (1.03 1.29)

0.98 (0.85 1.13)

Walkingg

 Independent

57,273 (79.0)

27,226 (47.5)

5136 (9.0)

24,911 (43.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Some assistance required

11,175 (15.4)

3041 (27.2)

1466 (13.1)

6668 (59.7)

1.44 (1.36 1.52)

1.03 (0.90 1.19)

 Maximum Assistance/Dependent

4028 (5.6)

790 (19.6)

532 (13.2)

2706 (67.2)

1.43 (1.31 1.56)

1.22 (0.99 1.49)

Locomotionh

 Independent

57,883 (78.3)

27,446 (47.4)

5202 (9.0)

25,235 (43.6)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Some assistance required

10,667 (14.4)

2970 (27.8)

1409 (13.2)

6288 (58.9)

1.46 (1.38 1.55)

1.04 (0.91 1.20)

 Dependent

5338 (7.1)

1062 (19.9)

642 (12.0)

3634 (68.1)

1.30 (1.20 1.40)

0.84 (0.69 1.03)

Primary Mode of Locomotioni

 Walking, no assistive device

24,712 (32.7)

13,202 (53.4)

1643 (6.6)

9867 (4.0)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Assisted walking

46,733 (61.9)

17,622 (37.7)

5397 (11.5)

23,714 (50.7)

1.69 (1.60 1.79)

1.32 (1.24 1.41)

 Unable to walk

4037 (5.3)

932 (23.1)

374 (9.3)

2731 (67.6)

1.31 (1.17 1.46)

1.18 (0.96 1.47)

Timed 4 Metre walki

 0–15 s

47,062 (62.3)

23,007 (48.9)

4168 (8.9)

19,887 (42.3)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 16–29 s

5662 (7.5)

2093 (37.0)

689 (12.2)

2880 (50.9)

1.24 (1.48 1.35)

1.08 (1.00 1.18)

 30+ seconds

5252 (7.0)

1858 (35.4)

666 (12.7)

2728 (51.9)

1.23 (1.13 1.33)

1.09 (1.00 1.18)

 Incomplete test

17,506 (23.2)

4798 (27.4)

1891 (10.8)

10,817 (61.8)

1.15 (1.09 1.21)

0.99 (0.92 1.06)

Total hours of exercise or physical activityi

 None/Less than 1 h

42,971 (56.9)

16,408 (38.2)

4019 (9.4)

22,544 (52.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 1–4 h

29,476 (39.1)

13,861 (47.0)

3094 (10.5)

12,521 (42.5)

1.09 (1.04 1.14)

1.06 (1.01 1.11)

 4 h or more

3035 (4.0)

1487 (49.0)

301 (9.9)

1247 (41.1)

0.90 (0.80 1.02)

1.04 (0.92 1.17)

Number of days left house in last 3 daysi

 None

25,432 (33.7)

7309 (28.7)

2939 (11.6)

15,184 (59.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 1–2 days

20,473 (27.1)

9027 (44.1)

1968 (9.6)

9478 (46.3)

0.85 (0.81 0.90)

1.04 (0.97 1.11)

 3 days

29,577 (39.2)

15,420 (52.1)

2507 (8.5)

11,650 (39.4)

0.75 (0.71 0.79)

1.02 (0.95 1.09)

Bladder Continencej

 Continent

47,560 (63.1)

21,212 (44.6)

4423 (9.3)

21,925 (46.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Infrequently incontinent

7219 (9.6)

3116 (43.2)

740 (10.3)

3363 (46.6)

1.11 (1.03 1.20)

0.98 (0.91 1.07)

 Occasionally incontinent

6724 (8.9)

2697 (40.1)

724 (10.8)

3303 (49.1)

1.16 (1.07 1.25)

0.97 (0.90 1.05)

 Frequently Incontinent

11,267 (14.9)

4108 (36.5)

1223 (10.9)

5936 (52.7)

1.15 (1.08 1.22)

0.97 (0.91 1.04)

 Incontinent

2653 (3.5)

614 (23.1)

299 (11.3)

1740 (65.6)

1.14 (1.01 1.28)

1.04 (0.89 1.21)

Bowel Continencek

 Continent

63,166 (83.9)

28,185 (44.6)

6086 (9.6)

28,895 (45.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Infrequently incontinent

4936 (6.6)

1741 (35.3)

490 (9.9)

2705 (54.8)

1.02 (0.93 1.12)

0.97 (0.88 1.06)

 Occasionally Incontinent

3829 (5.1)

1056 (27.6)

438 (11.4)

2335 (61.0)

1.15 (1.05 1.27)

1.02 (0.91 1.13)

 Frequently Incontinent

1852 (2.5)

453 (24.5)

220 (11.9)

1179 (63.7)

1.20 (1.05 1.37)

1.04 (0.89 1.21)

 Incontinent

1486 (2.0)

282 (19.0)

155 (10.4)

1049 (70.6)

1.02 (0.87 1.19)

0.98 (0.78 1.24)

Ftiguen

 None

20,795 (27.6)

10,333 (49.7)

2008 (96.6)

8454 (40.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Minimal to Moderate

43,895 (58.2)

18,749 (42.7)

4587 (10.4)

20,559 (46.8)

1.10 (1.04 1.16)

1.03 (0.97 1.09)

 Severe

10,790 (14.3)

2673 (24.8)

819 (7.6)

7298 (67.6)

0.77 (0.71 0.84)

0.81 (0.74 0.89)

Difficult or unable to move self to standingm

 

 Not present

46,643 (61.8)

21,862 (46.9)

4196 (9.0)

20,585 (44.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

28,838 (38.2)

9894 (34.3)

3218 (11.2)

15,726 (54.5)

1.22 (1.17 1.28)

1.03 (0.97 1.09)

Dizzinessm

 Not present

63,907 (84.7)

27,112 (42.4)

6315 (9.9)

30,480 (47.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

11,574 (15.3)

4644 (40.1)

1099 (9.5)

5831 (50.4)

0.95 (0.89 1.01)

0.97 (0.91 1.04)

Unsteady Gaitm

 Not present

35,820 (47.5)

16,750 (46.8)

3076 (8.6)

15,994 (44.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

39,661 (52.5)

15,006 (37.8)

4338 (10.9)

20,317 (51.2)

1.27 (1.21 1.32)

1.07 (1.01 1.13)

Previous Fallm

 No Fall

44,353 (58.8)

20,101 (45.3)

3484 (7.9)

20,768 (46.8)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Had at least one fall

31,128 (41.2)

11,655 (37.4)

3930 (12.6)

15,543 (49.9)

1.65 (1.58 1.73)

1.24 (1.18 1.30)

Easily Distractedc

 Not present

57,382 (76.0)

24,359 (42.1)

5618 (9.8)

27,405 (47.8)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

18,080 (24.0)

7398 (40.9)

1795 (9.9)

8887 (49.2)

1.05 (0.99 1.11)

1.04 (0.87 1.11)

Mental Function Varies over the course of a dayc

 Not present

58,323 (77.3)

25,326 (43.4)

5688 (9.8)

27,309 (46.8)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

17,139 (22.7)

6431 (37.5)

1725 (10.1)

8983 (52.4)

1.04 (0.99 1.10)

0.99 (0.93 1.06)

Wanderingf

 Not Present

72,470 (96.0)

30,658 (42.3)

7133 (9.8)

34,679 (47.9)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Present

2993 (4.0)

1099 (36.7)

280 (9.4)

1614 (53.9)

0.94 (0.83 1.06)

0.97 (0.85 1.10)

Frequency of Painn

 No pain

30,029 (39.8)

12,096 (40.3)

2705 (9.0)

15,228 (50.7)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Not in last 3 days

7944 (10.5)

3448 (43.4)

761 (9.6)

3735 (47.0)

1.10 (1.02 1.19)

1.03 (0.89 1.19)

 At least once in last 3 days

37,507 (49.7)

16,211 (43.2)

3948 (10.5)

17,348 (46.3)

1.20 (1.14 1.26)

1.07 (0.91 1.24)

Intensity of Highest level of Painn

 None

30,640 (40.6)

12,382 (40.4)

2750 (9.0)

15,508 (50.6)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Mild to Moderate

33,598 (44.5)

14,483 (43.1)

3569 (10.6)

15,546 (46.3)

1.21 (1.15 1.27)

0.99 (0.83 1.17)

 Severe to Excruciating

11,242 (14.9)

4890 (43.5)

1095 (9.7)

5257 (46.8)

1.09 (1.02 1.17)

0.97 (0.81 1.17)

Consistency of Painn

 None/Very Little

32,872 (43.6)

13,324 (40.5)

2960 (9.0)

16,588 (50.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Intermittent

33,257 (44.1)

14,281 (42.9)

3534 (10.6)

15,442 (46.4)

1.22 (1.16 1.28)

1.04 (0.92 1.17)

 Constant

9351 (12.4)

4150 (44.4)

920 (9.8)

4281 (45.8)

1.07 (1.00 1.15)

1.00 (0.87 1.15)

Body Mass Index

 Underweight

4287 (5.7)

1286 (30.0)

584 (13.6)

2417 (56.4)

1 (Reference)

1.20 (1.09 1.32)

 Normal

27,185 (36.0)

11,461 (41.2)

2762 (10.2)

12,962 (47.7)

1.34 (1.23 1.47)

1 (Reference)

 Overweight

9828 (13.0)

5042 (51.3)

747 (7.6)

4039 (41.1)

0.75 (0.69 0.81)

0.82 (0.75 0.89)

 Obese

7224 (9.6)

4136 (57.3)

450 (6.3)

2638 (36.5)

0.63 (0.57 0.69)

0.74 (0.67 0.82)

 Unknown

26,960 (35.7)

9833 (36.5)

2871 (10.7)

14,256 (52.9)

0.96 (0.91 1.01)

0.95 (0.90 1.00)

Smokes tobacco dailyn

 No

71,319 (94.5)

30,017 (42.1)

7034 (9.9)

34,268 (48.0)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Yes

4161 (5.5)

1738 (41.8)

380 (9.1)

2043 (49.1)

0.94 (0.85 1.04)

1.18 (1.06 1.31)

Consumes Alcoholn

 None

60,295 (79.9)

24,669 (40.9)

6049 (10.0)

29,577 (49.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 At least one drink

15,185 (20.1)

7086 (46.7)

1365 (9.0)

6734 (44.3)

0.91 (0.86 0.96)

1.03 (0.96 1.09)

Weight Loss of 5% or moren

 No

62,811 (83.2)

27,949 (44.5)

6191 (9.9)

28,671 (45.6)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Yes

12,669 (16.8)

3806 (30.0)

1223 (9.7)

7640 (60.3)

0.98 (0.92 1.04)

0.98 (0.91 1.05)

Dehydratedn

 No

73,883 (97.9)

31,454 (42.6)

7232 (9.8)

35,197 (47.6)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Yes

1597 (2.1)

301 (18.8)

182 (11.4)

1114 (69.8)

1.10 (0.95 1.27)

0.92 (0.78 1.08)

Decrease in food/fluid consumedn

 No

65,999 (87.4)

29,110 (44.1)

6549 (9.9)

30,340 (46.0)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Yes

9481 (12.6)

2645 (27.9)

865 (9.1)

5971 (63.0)

0.92 (0.86 0.99)

0.89 (0.82 0.96)

Parkinson’s Diseasem

 Not present

72,706 (96.3)

30,638 (42.1)

7084 (9.7)

34,984 (48.1)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Diagnosis present

2775 (3.7)

1118 (40.3)

330 (11.9)

1327 (47.8)

1.21 (1.08 1.35)

1.18 (1.05 1.32)

Stroke/CVAm

 Not Present

62,801 (83.2)

26,766 (42.6)

5991 (9.5)

30,044 (47.8)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Diagnosis present

12,680 (16.8)

4990 (39.4)

1423 (11.2)

6267 (49.4)

1.15 (1.09 1.22)

1.13 (1.06 1.20)

COPDm

 Not present

63,678 (84.4)

27,856 (43.7)

6414 (10.1)

29,408 (46.2)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Diagnosis present

11,803 (15.6)

3900 (33.0)

1000 (8.5)

6903 (58.5)

0.81 (0.76 0.86)

1.02 (0.95 1.10)

Cancerm

 Not Present

63,455 (84.1)

28,612 (45.1)

6576 (10.4)

28,267 (44.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Diagnosis present

12,026 (15.9)

3144 (26.1)

838 (7.0)

8044 (66.9)

0.65 (0.61 0.70)

0.73 (0.67 0.78)

Dyspnoean

 Not present

39,296 (52.1)

18,321 (46.6)

4280 (10.9)

16,695 (42.5)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Absent at rest

30,415 (40.3)

12,123 (39.9)

2781 (9.1)

15,511 (51.0)

0.83 (0.79 0.87)

0.86 (0.82 0.91)

 Present at rest

5769 (7.6)

1311 (22.7)

353 (6.1)

4105 (71.2)

0.53 (0.47 0.59)

0.62 (0.55 0.71)

Environmento

 No

67,671 (89.7)

28,612 (42.3)

6617 (9.8)

32,442 (47.9)

1 (Reference)

1 (Reference)

 Yes

7804 (10.3)

3141 (40.2)

797 (10.2)

3866 (49.5)

1.09 (1.00 1.17)

1.05 (0.97 1.14)

  1. b1 value missing, c22 values missing, d18 values missing, e19 values missing, f21 values missing, g3008 values missing, h1596 values missing, i2 values missing, j61 values missing, k215 values missing, m3 values missing, n4 values missing, o9 values missing
  2. *Adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity