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Table 2 Responses and test-retest reliability for the falls circumstances questions, including the location and direction off the fall, the activity preceding the fall and how the fall occurred

From: Development of a Parkinson’s disease specific falls questionnaire

Falls Questions

Online Version (n = 30)

Paper Version (n = 16)

Combined Versions (n = 46)

Test

Retest

Test-retest reliability

Test

Retest

Test-retest reliability

Test

Retest

Test-retest reliability

Kappa

SE

Kappa

SE

Kappa

SE

Have you experienced a fall in the past 12-months? n (%)

30 (100%)

30 (100%)

–

–

16 (100%)

16 (100%)

–

–

46 (100%)

46 (100%)

–

–

Number of falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR)

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.47

0.13

2 (1–3)

1 (1–2)

0.30

0.17

2 (1–2)

1 (1–2)

0.41

0.10

Location of falls in the past 12-months; n (%)

 Indoor

21 (70%)

24 (80%)

0.68

0.16

14 (88%)

14 (88%)

1.0

0.25

35 (76%)

38 (83%)

0.91

0.13

 Outdoor

8 (27%)

6 (20%)

2 (12%)

2 (12%)

10 (22%)

8 (17%)

 Both

1 (3%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (2%)

0 (0%)

Number of indoor falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.91

0.15

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.79

0.18

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

0.86

0.11

Number of outdoor falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR)

2 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

0.57

0.29

2 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

–

–

1.5 (1–2)

1 (1–1)

0.75

0.13

Most recent indoor falls circumstances a

n = 22

n = 24

  

n = 14

n = 14

  

n = 36

n = 38

  

Fall 1: Location of fall

 Kitchen

8 (36%)

10 (42%)

0.72

0.12

4 (29%)

5 (36%)

0.74

0.15

12 (33%)

15 (39%)

0.74

0.09

 Hallway

4 (18%)

5 (21%)

5 (36%)

3 (21%)

9 (25%)

8 (21%)

 Living Room

3 (14%)

2 (8%)

1 (7%)

3 (21%)

4 (11%)

5 (13%)

 Bedroom

3 (14%)

1 (4%)

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

4 (11%)

2 (5%)

 Bathroom

2 (9%)

3 (12%)

3 (21%)

2 (14%)

5 (14%)

5 (13%)

 In another person’s home

2 (9%)

3 (12%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (6%)

3 (8%)

Fall 2: Location of fall

 Kitchen

5 (23%)

5 (21%)

0.87

0.11

2 (14%)

1 (7%)

0.91

0.16

7 (19%)

6 (16%)

0.89

0.09

 Hallway

10 (46%)

10 (42%)

6 (43%)

7 (50%)

16 (44%)

17 (45%)

 Living Room

7 (31%)

9 (37%)

3 (21%)

4 (29%)

10 (28%)

13 (34%)

 Bedroom

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

3 (21%)

2 (14%)

3 (8%)

2 (5%)

 Bathroom

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 In another person’s home

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fall 1: Activity during fall

 Housework

7 (32%)

6 (25%)

0.60

0.12

6 (43%)

7 (50%)

0.91

0.19

13 (36%)

13 (34%)

0.70

0.09

 Getting out of bed

9 (41%)

12 (50%)

6 (43%)

6 (43%)

15 (42%)

19 (50%)

 Getting in/out of shower

2 (9%)

2 (8%)

2 (14%)

1 (7%)

4 (11%)

3 (8%)

 Getting on/off chair

3 (14%)

2 (8%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

3 (8%)

2 (5%)

 Getting on/off toilet

0 (0%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (3%)

 Going up/downstairs

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Walking between rooms

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Bending down or turning

1 (4%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (3%)

1 (3%)

Fall 2: Activity during fall

 Housework

5 (23%)

6 (25%)

0.90

0.12

5 (36%)

6 (43%)

0.87

0.17

10 (28%)

12 (32%)

0.89

0.09

 Getting out of bed

8 (36%)

8 (33%)

5 (36%)

5 (36%)

13 (36%)

13 (34%)

 Getting in/out of shower

4 (18%)

4 (17%)

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

5 (14%)

5 (13%)

 Getting on/off chair

4 (18%)

4 (17%)

1 (7%)

1 (7%)

5 (14%)

5 (13%)

 Getting on/off toilet

1 (4%)

2 (8%)

2 (14%)

1 (7%)

3 (8%)

3 (8%)

 Going up/downstairs

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Walking between rooms

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Bending down or turning

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fall 1: How fall occurred

 Tripped

12 (55%)

14 (58%)

0.69

0.13

5 (36%)

5 (36%)

0.84

0.17

17 (47%)

19 (50%)

0.75

0.10

 Slipped

6 (27%)

8 (33%)

8 (57%)

9 (64%)

14 (39%)

17 (45%)

 FoG

2 (9%)

2 (8%)

1 (7%)

0 (0%)

3 (8%)

2 (5%)

 Faint

2 (9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fall 2: How fall occurred

 Tripped

12 (55%)

10 (42%)

0.82

0.16

7 (50%)

9 (64%)

0.75

0.24

19 (53%)

19 (50%)

0.80

0.13

 Slipped

10 (45%)

13 (54%)

7 (50%)

5 (36%)

17 (47%)

18 (47%)

 FoG

0 (0%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (3%)

 Faint

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fall 1: Direction of fall

 Forwards

10 (45%)

12

0.76

0.16

8 (57%)

9 (64%)

0.88

0.25

18 (50%)

21 (55%)

0.80

0.13

 Backwards

11 (50%)

10

6 (43%)

5 (36%)

17 (47%)

15 (39%)

 Side (Left)

1 (5%)

2

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (3%)

2 (6%)

 Side (Right)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Fall 2: Direction of fall

 Forwards

9 (41%)

9 (38%)

0.87

0.14

6 (43%)

6 (43%)

1.0

0.19

15 (42%)

15 (39%)

0.91

0.11

 Backwards

5 (23%)

8 (33%)

5 (36%)

5 (36%)

10 (28%)

13 (34%)

 Side (Left)

8 (36%)

7 (29%)

3 (21%)

3 (21%)

11 (29%)

10 (26%)

 Side (Right)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Most recent outdoor falls circumstances b

n = 9

n = 6

  

n = 2

n = 2

  

n = 11

n = 8

  

Fall 1: Location of fall

 Garden

3 (33%)

2 (33%)

0.67

0.44

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

1.0

0.71

4 (36%)

3 (38%)

0.76

0.24

 Pavement

3 (33%)

4 (67%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

4 (36%)

5 (62%)

 Green space/beach

1 (11%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

0 (0%)

 Public transport

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Carpark

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

2 (23%)

–

–

–

2 (18%)

–

Fall 2: Location of fall

 Garden

2 (22%)

2 (33%)

0.86

0.29

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

1.0

0.71

3 (27%)

3 (38%)

0.89

0.25

 Pavement

1 (11%)

2 (33%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

2 (18%)

3 (38%)

 Green space/beach

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Public transport

2 (22%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (18%)

1 (12%)

 Carpark

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

1 (12%)

 Missing c

3 (33%)

–

–

–

3 (27%)

–

Fall 1: Activity undertaken when fell

 Gardening

2 (22%)

3 (50%)

0.75

0.29

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

–

–

3 (27%)

4 (50%)

0.82

0.27

 Putting out rubbish

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

1 (12%)

 Going up/downstairs

2 (22%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (18%)

1 (12%)

 Getting in/out of vehicle

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Walking

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

2 (18%)

2 (25%)

 Exercising

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Bending or turning

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

3 (33%)

–

–

–

3 (27%)

–

Fall 2: Activity undertaken when fell

 Gardening

3 (33%)

2 (33%)

0.89

0.33

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

1.0

0.71

4 (36%)

3 (38%)

0.91

0.28

 Putting out rubbish

0 (0%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (12%)

 Going up/downstairs

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Getting in/out of vehicle

2 (22%)

2 (33%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (18%)

2 (25%)

 Walking

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

1 (50%)

1 (50%)

2 (18%)

2 (25%)

 Exercising

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Bending or turning

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

–

–

–

–

3 (27%)

–

Fall 1: How fall occurred

 Tripped

6 (66%)

6 (100%)

0.91

0.38

2 (100%)

1 (50%)

–

–

8 (73%)

7 (88%)

0.62

0.29

 Slipped

1 (11%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (50%)

1 (9%)

1 (12%)

 FoG

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Faint

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

2 (22%)

–

–

–

2 (18%)

–

Fall 2: How falls occurred

 Tripped

5 (56%)

5 (83%)

0.91

0.38

2 (100%)

2 (100%)

–

–

7 (64%)

7 (88%)

0.74

0.31

 Slipped

2 (22%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

2 (18%)

1 (12%)

 FoG

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Faint

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

2 (22%)

–

–

–

2 (18%)

–

Fall 1: Direction of fall

 Forwards

4 (44%)

3 (50%)

0.79

0.32

2 (100%)

2 (100%)

–

–

6 (55%)

5 (63%)

0.81

0.29

 Backwards

1 (11%)

2 (33%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

2 (25%)

 Side (Left)

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

1 (12%)

 Side (Right)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 Missing c

3 (33%)

–

–

–

3 (27%)

–

Fall 2: Direction of fall

 Forwards

4 (44%)

4 (66%)

  

2 (100%)

1 (50%)

–

–

6 (55%)

5 (63%)

0.67

0.29

 Backwards

3 (33%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

1 (50%)

3 (27%)

2 (25%)

 Side (Left)

1 (11%)

1 (17%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

1 (12%)

 Side (Right)

1 (11%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (9%)

0 (0%)

  1. Values are presented as number and percentage (n [%]) for nominal, or median and interquartile range (IQR) for ordinal questions, with κ and SE of κ results for each individual question provided
  2. FoG freezing of gait. Only data for the participants’ two most recent falls were included
  3. aPercentages are based on the number of responses provided for indoor falls for the online version (n = 22 test, n = 24 retest), paper version (n = 14 for test and retest) and for both versions combined (n = 36 test, n = 38 retest)
  4. bPercentages are based on the number of responses provided for outdoor falls for the online version (n = 9 test, n = 6 retest), paper version (n = 2 for test and retest) and for both versions combined (n = 11 test, n = 8 retest)
  5. cData was entered as missing if participants provided an answer of “do not remember”, or if they did not provide any response
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