Table 1 Demographics of study participants (n/%, unless other stated)
Alla n=552 | Males n=206 | Females n=346 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex1 | <0.001 | |||
Men | 206 (37.3%) | 206 (100%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Women | 346 (62.7%) | 0 (0.00%) | 346 (100%) | |
Ethnicity (white) | 552 (100.0%) | 206 (100%) | 346 (100%) | <0.001 |
Living status1 | <0.001 | |||
Living alone | 164 (29.9%) | 29 (14.1%) | 135 (39.2%) | |
Living with spouse or other family member | 385 (70.1%) | 176 (85.9%) | 209 (60.8%) | |
Education1 | 0.105 | |||
No education/primary school | 104 (21.4%) | 31 (16.5%) | 73 (24.4%) | |
Secondary school | 193 (39.6%) | 77 (41.0%) | 116 (38.8%) | |
Post-secondary level education/vocational college/university | 190 (39.0%) | 80 (42.6%) | 110 (36.8%) | |
Age (years), mean (SD)2 | 78.4 (4.18) | 79.2 (3.71) | 78.0 (4.38) | 0.001 |
Age ranges1 | 0.001 | |||
70-75 | 108 (19.6%) | 22 (10.7%) | 86 (24.9%) | |
75-80 | 234 (42.4%) | 95 (46.1%) | 139 (40.2%) | |
80-85 | 162 (29.3%) | 71 (34.5%) | 91 (26.3%) | |
85-90 | 43 (7.79%) | 16 (7.77%) | 27 (7.80%) | |
90-93 | 5 (0.91%) | 2 (0.97%) | 3 (0.87%) | |
Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg), mean (SD)2 | 142 (21.3) | 142 (21.7) | 142 (21.1) | 0.757 |
Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg), mean (SD)2 | 82.7 (11.2) | 80.6 (10.9) | 83.9 (11.2) | 0.001 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD)2 | 72.3 (13.1) | 80.2 (13.1) | 68.0 (11.0) | <0.001 |
Body mass index, BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)2 | 27.3 (4.28) | 26.9 (3.63) | 27.5 (4.61) | 0.104 |
Number of children (females), mean | 3.02 (2.01) | . (.) | 3.02 (2.01) | . |
Total SPPB score, mean (SD)2 | 10.0 (1.86) | 10.3 (1.60) | 9.87 (1.99) | 0.011 |
10 m walk test, seconds, mean (SD)2 | 8.86 (2.08) | 8.67 (1.98) | 8.97 (2.13) | 0.108 |
History of venous interventions1 | 0.330 | |||
No | 491 (94.2%) | 183 (95.8%) | 308 (93.3%) | |
Yes | 30 (5.76%) | 8 (4.19%) | 22 (6.67%) | |
History of deep venous thrombosis1 | 1.000 | |||
No | 525 (97.4%) | 192 (97.5%) | 333 (97.4%) | |
Yes | 14(2.60%) | 5 (2.54%) | 9 (2.60%) | 1.000 |
Hip fraction1 | 7(1.27%) | 4(1.94%) | 3(0.87%) | 0.433 |
Body composition measurements:2 | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.0 (4.03) | 26.9 (3.74) | 27.1 (4.19) | 0.689 |
Body fat mass (kg), mean (SD) | 25.6 (8.64) | 23.5 (8.84) | 26.7 (8.33) | 0.001 |
Fat free mass (kg), mean (SD) | 46.7 (9.22) | 56.8 (6.74) | 41.2 (4.65) | <0.001 |
Percentage body fat (%),mean (SD) | 35.0 (8.41) | 28.5 (6.91) | 38.5 (6.92) | <0.001 |
Skeletal muscle mass (kg), mean (SD) | 25.0 (5.75) | 31.1 (3.95) | 22.0 (2.75) | <0.001 |
Percentage skeletal muscle mass (%), mean (SD) | 34.8 (5.57) | 39.2 (3.81) | 32.7 (3.69) | <0.001 |
Muscle fat ratio, mean (SD) | 111 (52.2) | 150 (58.3) | 90.2 (31.2) | <0.001 |