Item bias on the geriatric depression scale (GDS): investigating the quality and generalizability of GDS on Chinese and Korean community-dwelling elderly population

Table 7 Score comparison between Chinese and Korean elderly before and after adjustment

Dimension	Score comparison	Country	Mean	SD	t	p	d
Dimension 1: Agitation	Original score	Chinese	-0.070	0.785	-2.295	0.022	0.208
	Original score	Korean	0.098	0.830	-2.295	0.022	0.208
	Adjusted score	Chinese	-0.021	0.794	-0.645	0.519	0.059
	Adjusted score	Korean	0.027	0.837	-0.645	0.519	0.059
Dimension 2: Cognitive concerns	Original score	Chinese	0.013	0.784	0.457	0.648	0.042
	Original score	Korean	-0.019	0.749	0.457	0.648	0.042
	Adjusted score	Chinese	0.017	0.782	0.043	0.966	0.004
	Adjusted score	Korean	0.014	0.792	0.043	0.966	0.004
Dimension 3: Dysphoria	Original score	Chinese	-0.098	0.795	-2.858	0.004	0.264
	Original score	Korean	0.137	0.975	-2.858	0.004	0.264
	Adjusted score	Chinese	-0.116	0.810	-3.331	0.001	0.308
	Adjusted score	Korean	0.156	0.950	-3.331	0.001	0.308
Dimension 4: Vigor/withdrawal	Original score	Chinese	-0.028	0.900	-0.815	0.415	0.079
	Original score	Korean	0.039	0.884	-0.815	0.415	0.079
	Adjusted score	Chinese	-0.003	0.889	0.273	0.785	0.024
	Adjusted score	Korean	-0.025	0.932	0.273	0.785	0.024

ISSN: 1471-2318