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Table 1 Comparison of pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up (n = 130) and the effect size (Hedges’ g)

From: Multi-component cognitive intervention for older adults with mixed cognitive levels: implementation and preliminary effectiveness in real-world settings

Outcomes

Pre-test

Post-test,

Follow up,

Pre - Post Changes,

P-values

Hedges’ g

Pre - Follow Changes,

P-values

Hedges’ g

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

KCT

10.17 ± 4.07

9.14 ± 4.05

9.56 ± 4.71

−1.03 ± 2.75

< 0.001*

0.37

0 ± 0

1.000

0

MOCA (general cognition)

12.55 ± 7.43

14.11 ± 8.54

14.05 ± 8.16

1.56 ± 5.12

< 0.001*

0.31

1.13 ± 3.41

< 0.001*

0.33

MPMT

3.36 ± 3.02

3.42 ± 3.10

4.15 ± 3.44

0.05 ± 2.16

0.751

0.03

0.58 ± 3.15

0.040

0.18

Digits Forward

6.04 ± 1.68

6.26 ± 1.50

6.46 ± 1.43

0.22 ± 1.35

0.052

0.16

0.47 ± 1.24

< 0.001*

0.38

Digits Backward

2.80 ± 1.44

2.89 ± 1.57

2.92 ± 1.41

0.13 ± 1.05

0.285

0.12

0.05 ± 1.04

0.701

0.05

CTT1

188.59 ± 108.69

170.01 ± 108.64

170.75 ± 113.65

−14.41 ± 63.41

< 0.001*

0.23

−15.09 ± 74.73

< 0.001*

0.20

CTT2

267.37 ± 116.84

257.04 ± 135.68

224.68 ± 99.58

−9.97 ± 104.95

0.020

0.10

−24.02 ± 60.26

0.002*

0.40

  1. Note. Kihon Checklist-Taiwan (KCT), MOCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MPMT Miami Prospective Memory Test, CTT-1 Color Trail Test-Part 1, CTT-2 Color Trail Test-Part 2
  2. *significant level P < 0.0036. There were 14 paired tests, after Bonferroni correction, the corrected alpha is0.0036 (0.05/14)