Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Background Characteristics, Self-management Abilities and Digital Participation among Community-dwelling Older Adults
Characteristic | Mean (SD) or frequency | N |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 51.3 % | 849 |
Male | 48.7 % | 807 |
Age | 73.8 (6.4) | 1,656 |
Education a | ||
Low | 29.2 % | 461 |
Middle | 44.3 % | 700 |
High | 26.5 % | 419 |
Living situation | ||
Alone | 28.8 % | 466 |
With others | 71.2 % | 1,153 |
Number of somatic conditions | ||
One | 36.3 % | 489 |
Two or more | 63.7 % | 858 |
Severity of disability | ||
None to moderate | 59.2 % | 933 |
Mild to severe | 40.8 % | 642 |
Total score self-management | 23.3 (3.9) (range 6–35) | 1,379 |
Taking initiative | 3.9 (0.9) (range 1–6) | 1,552 |
Investment behaviour | 4.4 (0.9) (range 1–6) | 1,547 |
Variety of resources | 3.3 (0.9) (range 1–6) | 1,474 |
Multi-functionality | 3.5 (1.0) (range 1–6) | 1,525 |
Self-efficacy | 4.2 (0.6) (range 1–5) | 1,550 |
Positive frame of mind | 3.9 (1.0) (range 1–6) | 1,551 |
Internet user | 85.0 % | 1,347 |
Frequency of visiting social network sites | ||
Minimal usage | 56.7 % | 743 |
Frequent usage | 43.3 % | 568 |
Frequency of meeting new people | ||
Minimal usage | 93.3 % | 1,206 |
Frequent usage | 6.7 % | 86 |
Frequency of e-mailing | ||
Minimal usage | 29.3 % | 382 |
Frequent usage | 70.7 % | 923 |
Frequency of calling digitally | ||
Minimal usage | 63.5 % | 833 |
Frequent usage | 36.5 % | 479 |