Skip to main content

Table 3 Characteristics of demographic, lifestyle and serum biomarkers of participants according to sarcopenia and osteoporosis status

From: Serum concentrations of oxytocin, DHEA and follistatin are associated with osteoporosis or sarcopenia in community-dwelling postmenopausal women

Group Characteristics

OS (10.9%)

OP (38.1%)

SP (10.6%)

NonSP/NonOP(40.4%)

P value

Age (y)

72.8 ± 6.6

65.9 ± 7.3

69.5 ± 10.7

64.5 ± 8.3

0.015

Age of menopause (y)

49.69 ± 3.1

50.51 ± 3.5

49.43 ± 2.3

50.15 ± 3.6

0.76

History of fracture (%)

60.8%

29.8%

32.0%

0

< 0.001

Physical exercise (%)

 No

49.1

41.7

45.6

18.8

< 0.001

 Low

31.4

29.3

33.5

32.8

0.023

 High

19.5

29.0

20.9

48.4

< 0.001

Milk consumption high (%)

 No

41.6

35.7

38.7

30.3

< 0.001

 Low

34.6

39.5

37.9

46.4

< 0.001

 High

23.8

24.8

23.4

23.3

0.417

DHEA (ng/ml)

32.51 ± 12.8

42.64 ± 12.8

34.97 ± 16.2

48.45 ± 10.6

0.042

PTH (pg/ml)

44.5 (29.5–57.2)

40.5 (29.3–55.8)

34.5 (28.3–42.9)

45.4 (32.9–58.5)

0.092

25OHD(ng/ml)

21.61 ± 8.121.2 (15.4–28.5)

23.97 ± 9.524.3 (19.1–27.7)

20.54 ± 7.318.3 (13.9–22.7)

25.87 ± 12.226.4 (19.3–35.3)

0.024

CTX (pg/ml)

380.83 ± 145.6

425.89 ± 183.19

338.43 ± 159.7

372.60 ± 210.3

0.364

PINP (ng/ml)

36.76 ± 15.2

48.15 ± 17.0

38.62 ± 11.4

44.03 ± 16.5

0.085

Follistatin (ng/ml)

18.76 ± 4.8

14.93 ± 4.0

18.97 ± 6.1

13.0 ± 4.9

0.027

Myostatin (ng/ml)

3.07 ± 1.3

3.70 ± 1.3

2.75 ± 1.6

3.99 ± 1.5

0.178

BDNF (ng/ml)

22.67 ± 13.3

30.75 ± 10.6

28.74 ± 7.8

30.80 ± 10.9

0.265

Oxytocin (pg/ml)

398.3 (173.2–662.6)

425.8 (200.2–702.3)

500.4 (289.3–823.4)

612.7 (356.2–1276.5)

0.022

BMD(g/cm2)

 Lumbar Spine

0.703 ± 0.15

0.695 ± 0.06

0.895 ± 0.09

0.886 ± 0.08

< 0.001

 Femoral Neck

0.579 ± 0.09

0.612 ± 0.10

0.648 ± 0.06

0.659 ± 0.10

0.019

 Total Hip

0.722 ± 0.10

0.748 ± 0.11

0.767 ± 0.09

0.816 ± 0.13

0.007

BMI (kg/m2)

19.41 ± 1.9

23.96 ± 3.3

20.31 ± 1.9

25.09 ± 2.6

< 0.001

Fat mass (kg)

15.50 ± 2.3

20.86 ± 4.9

18.59 ± 5.1

21.43 ± 4.0

0.001

Lean mass (kg)

30.43 ± 2.4

36.99 ± 3.8

32.87 ± 3.1

38.27 ± 3.8

< 0.001

ASMI (kg/m2)

4.92 ± 0.2

6.22 ± 0.5

4.96 ± 0.3

6.44 ± 0.5

< 0.001

  1. OS Osteosarcopenia, OP Osteoporosis, SP Sarcopenia, NonSP/NonOP No sarcopenia no osteoporosis, DHEA Dehydroepiandrosterone, PTH Parathyroid hormone, CTX C-telopeptide collagen crosslinks, P1NP N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen, BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BMD Bone mineral density, BMI Body mass index, ASMI Appendicular skeletal mass index