Group Characteristics | OS (10.9%) | OP (38.1%) | SP (10.6%) | NonSP/NonOP(40.4%) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 72.8 ± 6.6 | 65.9 ± 7.3 | 69.5 ± 10.7 | 64.5 ± 8.3 | 0.015 |
Age of menopause (y) | 49.69 ± 3.1 | 50.51 ± 3.5 | 49.43 ± 2.3 | 50.15 ± 3.6 | 0.76 |
History of fracture (%) | 60.8% | 29.8% | 32.0% | 0 | < 0.001 |
Physical exercise (%) | |||||
 No | 49.1 | 41.7 | 45.6 | 18.8 | < 0.001 |
 Low | 31.4 | 29.3 | 33.5 | 32.8 | 0.023 |
 High | 19.5 | 29.0 | 20.9 | 48.4 | < 0.001 |
Milk consumption high (%) | |||||
 No | 41.6 | 35.7 | 38.7 | 30.3 | < 0.001 |
 Low | 34.6 | 39.5 | 37.9 | 46.4 | < 0.001 |
 High | 23.8 | 24.8 | 23.4 | 23.3 | 0.417 |
DHEA (ng/ml) | 32.51 ± 12.8 | 42.64 ± 12.8 | 34.97 ± 16.2 | 48.45 ± 10.6 | 0.042 |
PTH (pg/ml) | 44.5 (29.5–57.2) | 40.5 (29.3–55.8) | 34.5 (28.3–42.9) | 45.4 (32.9–58.5) | 0.092 |
25OHD(ng/ml) | 21.61 ± 8.121.2 (15.4–28.5) | 23.97 ± 9.524.3 (19.1–27.7) | 20.54 ± 7.318.3 (13.9–22.7) | 25.87 ± 12.226.4 (19.3–35.3) | 0.024 |
CTX (pg/ml) | 380.83 ± 145.6 | 425.89 ± 183.19 | 338.43 ± 159.7 | 372.60 ± 210.3 | 0.364 |
PINP (ng/ml) | 36.76 ± 15.2 | 48.15 ± 17.0 | 38.62 ± 11.4 | 44.03 ± 16.5 | 0.085 |
Follistatin (ng/ml) | 18.76 ± 4.8 | 14.93 ± 4.0 | 18.97 ± 6.1 | 13.0 ± 4.9 | 0.027 |
Myostatin (ng/ml) | 3.07 ± 1.3 | 3.70 ± 1.3 | 2.75 ± 1.6 | 3.99 ± 1.5 | 0.178 |
BDNF (ng/ml) | 22.67 ± 13.3 | 30.75 ± 10.6 | 28.74 ± 7.8 | 30.80 ± 10.9 | 0.265 |
Oxytocin (pg/ml) | 398.3 (173.2–662.6) | 425.8 (200.2–702.3) | 500.4 (289.3–823.4) | 612.7 (356.2–1276.5) | 0.022 |
BMD(g/cm2) | |||||
 Lumbar Spine | 0.703 ± 0.15 | 0.695 ± 0.06 | 0.895 ± 0.09 | 0.886 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 |
 Femoral Neck | 0.579 ± 0.09 | 0.612 ± 0.10 | 0.648 ± 0.06 | 0.659 ± 0.10 | 0.019 |
 Total Hip | 0.722 ± 0.10 | 0.748 ± 0.11 | 0.767 ± 0.09 | 0.816 ± 0.13 | 0.007 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.41 ± 1.9 | 23.96 ± 3.3 | 20.31 ± 1.9 | 25.09 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
Fat mass (kg) | 15.50 ± 2.3 | 20.86 ± 4.9 | 18.59 ± 5.1 | 21.43 ± 4.0 | 0.001 |
Lean mass (kg) | 30.43 ± 2.4 | 36.99 ± 3.8 | 32.87 ± 3.1 | 38.27 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
ASMI (kg/m2) | 4.92 ± 0.2 | 6.22 ± 0.5 | 4.96 ± 0.3 | 6.44 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |