Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included participants
Total population (n = 8493) | Cohort 2005 (n = 5523) | Cohort 2008 (n = 2506) | Cohort 2011 (n = 464) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 80.6 (10.7) | 79.8 (10.2) | 82.3 (11.5) | 82.1 (11.4) |
Sex, female | 4396 (52%) | 2879 (52%) | 1298 (52%) | 219 (47%) |
Ethnicity, han | 7903 (93%) | 5172 (94%) | 2315 (92%) | 416 (94%) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.4 (4.0) | 20.1 (4.1) | 21.0 (3.7) | 21.7 (3.8) |
Residence | ||||
city | 1712 (20%) | 1291 (23%) | 407 (16%) | 14 (3%) |
town | 1579 (19%) | 1089 (20%) | 463 (18%) | 27 (6%) |
rural | 5202 (61%) | 3143 (57%) | 1636 (65%) | 423 (91%) |
Economic income | ||||
median / low | 7066 (83%) | 4552 (82%) | 2128 (85%) | 386 (83%) |
high | 1427 (17%) | 971 (18%) | 378 (15%) | 78 (17%) |
Education, illiterate | 4619 (54%) | 2983 (54%) | 1378 (55%) | 258 (56%) |
Smoking status | ||||
current | 1943 (23%) | 1298 (24%) | 548 (22%) | 97 (21%) |
past | 1208 (14%) | 876 (16%) | 292 (12%) | 40 (9%) |
never | 5342 (63%) | 3349 (61%) | 1666 (66%) | 327 (70%) |
Current drinker | 1919 (23%) | 1284 (23%) | 539 (22%) | 96 (21%) |
Healthy diet habit | 950 (11%) | 606 (11%) | 311 (12%) | 33 (7%) |
Regular exercise | 3017 (36%) | 2170 (39%) | 777 (31%) | 70 (15%) |
Poor visual function | 1927 (23%) | 1238 (22%) | 570 (23%) | 119 (26%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 232 (3%) | 160 (3%) | 61 (2%) | 11 (2%) |
Cardiovascular disease | 1019 (12%) | 700 (13%) | 278 (11%) | 41 (9%) |
Cancer | 31 (0.4%) | 21 (0.4%) | 7 (0.3%) | 3 (0.6%) |
Comorbidity | 1189 (14%) | 816 (15%) | 320 (13%) | 53 (11%) |
Baseline status | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 134.0 (19.7) | 131.2 (18.2) | 139.1 (21.3) | 139.5 (21.8) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.7 (11.7) | 82.9 (11.7) | 79.2 (11.3) | 80.5 (11.7) |
MMSE scores | 27.1 (3.1) | 27.3 (2.9) | 26.8 (3.3) | 27.3 (3.1) |
Follow-up status | ||||
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 135.9 (20.8) | 135.0 (20.5) | 136.7 (20.8) | 142.6 (20.6) |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79.6 (11.7) | 79.2 (11.6) | 80.3 (11.9) | 80.6 (11.4) |
MMSE scores | 23.8 (7.9) | 23.8 (7.9) | 23.6 (8.1) | 24.9 (8.9) |
Cognitive impairment at follow-up | 1506 (17.7%) | 963 (17.4%) | 483 (19.3%) | 60 (12.9%) |