Table 5 Test of poverty status and ethnicity on multimorbidity

PR^c

95 % CI

PR^c

95 % CI

PR^c

95 % CI

PR^c

95 % CI

Unadjusted^d - Malay or hardcore poor (ref: non-Malay in test of hardcore poverty status and non-hardcore poor in test of ethnicity)

0.807**

0.705–0.924

0.954

0.857–1.062

0.944

0.842–1.060

1.274

0.955–1.699

Adjusted^e - Malay or hardcore poor (ref: non-Malay in test of hardcore poverty status and non-hardcore poor in test of ethnicity)

0.805**

0.701–0.925

0.981

0.882–1.091

0.955

0.850–1.073

1.041

0.906–1.195

Covariates

Women (ref: men)

0.935

0.797–1.095

1.017

0.905–1.143

0.983

0.869–1.113

0.980

0.846–1.137

71 years old and above (ref: 60–70 years old)

0.905

0.783–1.046

1.069

0.954–1.198

0.999

0.883–1.129

1.041

0.910–1.191

Not married (ref: married)

1.091

0.928–1.282

0.970

0.844–1.114

0.944

0.820–1.087

1.149

0.985–1.339

No formal education (ref: primary education and above)

0.957

0.820–1.117

0.841

0.705–1.004

0.790**

0.666–0.937

1.030

0.880–1.205

Currently not working (ref: currently working)

1.268*

1.010–1.592

1.446***

1.248–1.675

1.501***

1.283–1.756

1.250*

1.025–1.524

Living alone (ref: living with others)

1.096

0.907–1.325

1.014

0.822–1.251

1.002

0.820–1.226

1.075

0.889–1.299