Table 4 Specific Beers PIMs prescribed in the elderly patients involved in the study
PIM | Drug class | Frequency (%) | Recommendation | Quality of Evidence | Strength of recommendation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent of diagnosis | Aspirin | Anti-platelets | 71(24.9) | Use with caution in adults ≥70 years | Use with caution in adults ≥70 years | Strong |
Hydrochlorothiazide | Thiazide diuretics | 50 (17.5) | Use with caution | Moderate | Strong | |
Amitriptyline | TCA anti-depressants | 43 (15) | Avoid | High | Strong | |
Furosemide | Loop diuretics | 39 (13.7) | Use with caution | Moderate | Strong | |
Glibenclamide | Sulphonyl urea | 18 (6.3) | Avoid | High | Strong | |
Omeprazole | Proton pump inhibitors | 14 (4.9) | Avoid scheduled use for > 8 weeks | High | Strong | |
Nifedipine | CCBs | 9 (3.2) | Avoid | High | Strong | |
Regular Insulin | Hormone | 7 (2.5) | Avoid | Moderate | Strong | |
Phenobarbital | Barbiturates | 7 (2.5) | Avoid | High | Strong | |
Spironolactone | Potassium sparing diuretics | 6 (2.1) | Use with caution | Moderate | Strong | |
Pantoprazole | Proton pump inhibitors | 4 (1.4) | Avoid scheduled use for > 8 weeks | High | Strong | |
Tramadol | Narcotic analgesics | 3 (1.1) | Use with caution | Moderate | Strong | |
Indomethacin | NSAIDs | 2 (0.7) | Avoid | Moderate | Strong | |
Carbamazepine | Anti-convulsant | 2 (0.7) | Use with caution | Moderate | Strong | |
| Â | Ibuprofen | NSAIDs | 1(0.4) | Avoid chronic use | Moderate | Strong |
Depend on diagnosis | Digoxin | Digitalis glycosides | 3 (1.1) | Avoid this rate control agent as first line therapy for AF | AF: low Heart failure: low Dosage > 0.125 mg/day: moderate /day: strong | AF: strong Heart failure: strong Dosage > 0.125 mg |
Drug-drug interaction | Enalapril + spironolactone | ACEIs and potassium sparing diuretics | 6(2.1) | Use with caution in adults ≥70 years | Moderate | Strong |
| Â | Â | Total PIM | 285(100) | Â | Â | Â |