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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: Association between frailty and mortality among patients with accidental hypothermia: a nationwide observational study in Japan

 

All patients

Missing

Frail

Non-Frail

p-value

n = 920

n, (%)

n = 221

n = 699

Age, years

79 (68–87)

0

85 (78–90)

77 (66–86)

< 0.001

Male

513 (55.8%)

0

105 (47.5%)

408 (58.4%)

< 0.001

Charlson comorbidity indexa

1 (0–2) 1.2 ± 1.6

0

1 (0–2) 1.5 ± 1.7

1 (0–2) 1.1 ± 1.5

< 0.001

Severity

 SOFA total

6 (3–8)

71 (7.7)

6 (4–8)

5 (3–8)

0.286

Clinical Frailty Scale score

2 (1–4)

0

5 (5–7)

2 (1–3)

< 0.001

Lifestyle

 

10 (1.1)

  

< 0.001

 Living alone

298 (32.4%)

 

39 (17.8%)

259 (37.5%)

 

 Not living alone

549 (59.7%)

 

144 (65.8%)

405 (58.6%)

 

 Homelessness

3 (0.3%)

 

0 (0.0%)

3 (0.4%)

 

 Nursing home

48 (5.2%)

 

34 (15.5%)

14 (2.0%)

 

 Unknown

12 (1.3%)

 

2 (0.9%)

10 (1.4%)

 

Location of hypothermia incidence

 

24 (2.6)

  

< 0.001

 Outdoor

218 (23.7%)

 

14 (6.5%)

204 (30%)

 

 Indoor

678 (73.7%)

 

203 (93.5%)

475 (70%)

 

Hypothermia caused mechanism

 

57 (6.2)

  

< 0.001

 Acute medical illness

465 (50.5%)

 

123 (60.6%)

342 (51.8%)

 

 Trauma, Submersion, and distress

126 (13.7%)

 

17 (8.4%)

109 (16.5%)

 

 Alcohol intoxication

41 (4.5%)

 

3 (1.5%)

38 (5.8%)

 

 Others (Unknown, drug)

231 (25.1%)

 

60 (29.6%)

171 (25.9%)

 
  1. SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; The data are expressed as the number (%), median (interquartile range) or mean ± standard deviation
  2. aThe values were presented as the median and 25th–75th percentile because the Charlson comorbidity index showed a skewed distribution. However, these values were the same in the frail and non-frail groups despite the Mann-Whitney U test showing significance, so the mean and standard deviation are shown as well