Longitudinal association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study of Urban Health Centres Europe (UHCE)

Zhang, Xuxi; Tan, Siok Swan; Franse, Carmen Betsy; Alhambra-Borrás, Tamara; Verma, Arpana; Williams, Greg; van Grieken, Amy; Raat, Hein

doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02452-y

Table 2 Baseline and follow-up mean scores of physical and mental health related quality of life of different physical activity groups

From: Longitudinal association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling older adults: a longitudinal study of Urban Health Centres Europe (UHCE)

Frequency of PA	Mean score of physical HRQoL (PCS)			Mean score of mental HRQoL (MCS)
Frequency of PA	Baseline	Follow-up	P-value ^a	Baseline	Follow-up	P-value ^a
Baseline frequency of PA
Regular frequency (n = 1171)	45.02 ± 10.33	43.86 ± 11.03	<.001^a	52.23 ± 9.33	51.61 ± 10.17	0.032^a
Low frequency (n = 443)	33.89 ± 12.12	33.89 ± 11.00	0.995^a	45.44 ± 12.10	44.92 ± 12.91	0.309^a
P-value ^b	<.001^b	<.001^b		<.001^b	<.001^b
Effect size ^{c, d}	0.99	0.91		0.63	0.58
Change in PA
Continued regular frequency (n = 947)	46.04 ± 9.67	45.34 ± 10.47	0.013^a	52.81 ± 8.98	52.85 ± 9.42	0.899^a
Continued low frequency (n = 290)	31.48 ± 11.52	30.41 ± 9.56	0.044^a	43.75 ± 12.32	41.95 ± 13.33	0.003^a
Increased frequency (n = 153)	38.46 ± 11.95	40.48 ± 10.55	0.011^a	48.66 ± 11.02	50.54 ± 9.91	0.045^a
Decreased frequency (n = 224)	40.71 ± 11.81	37.58 ± 11.18	<.001^a	49.75 ± 10.34	46.38 ± 11.52	<.001^a
P-value ^e	<.001^c	<.001^c		<.001^c	<.001^c
Effect size ^{c, f}	1.37	1.49		0.84	0.94
Effect size ^{c, g}	0.70	0.46		0.41	0.24
Effect size ^{c, h}	0.49	0.72		0.32	0.61

Note: Presented as mean ± SD or N(%); Regular frequency = more than once a week; Low frequency = once a week or less; Increased frequency = from low to regular frequency; Decreased frequency = from regular to low frequency
Abbreviations: PA = physical activity; HRQoL = health-related quality of life; PCS = physical component summary; MCS = mental component summary
^a Paired T test of baseline and follow-up scores, significant P-values in bold
^b Independent T test of two Baseline frequency of PA groups, significant P-values in bold
^c Cohen’s effect sizes (d) were used for the interpretation of relevant differences: 0.20 ≤ d < 0.50 was considered a small difference; 0.50 ≤ d < 0.80 was considered a moderate difference; d ≥ 0.80 was considered a large difference
^d Cohen’s effect sizes (d) for differences in HRQoL between Regular frequency of baseline physical activity and Low frequency of baseline physical activity groups
^e One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of four Change in PA groups, significant P-values in bold
^f Cohen’s effect sizes (d) for differences in HRQoL between Continued regular frequency of physical activity and Continued low frequency of physical activity groups
^g Cohen’s effect sizes (d) for differences in HRQoL between Continued regular frequency of physical activity and Increased frequency of physical activity groups
^h Cohen’s effect sizes (d) for differences in HRQoL between Continued regular frequency of physical activity and Decreased frequency of physical activity groups

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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