Prevalence and physical characteristics of locomotive syndrome stages as classified by the new criteria 2020 in older Japanese people: results from the Nagahama study

Table 2 Clinical features and comorbidities among locomotive syndrome stages

	Non-LS	LS stage 1	LS stage 2	LS stage 3	p-value	P for trend/Post-hoc test
	n = 1319	n = 507	n = 115	n = 136	p-value	P for trend/Post-hoc test
GLFS-25 score, /total of 100	2.5 (1.9)	9.8 (2.5)	19.0 (2.3)	34.4 (11.1)	n/a	n/a
Sex: women, n (%)	835 (62.0%)	346 (68.2%)	69 (60.0%)	97 (71.3%)	< 0.001	0.086
Age, y	67.5 (5.2)	69.1 (5.4)	69.8 (5.3)	71.9 (5.2)	< 0.001	1, 2, 3, 5, 6
BMI, kg/m²	22.1 (2.8)	22.5 (3.0)	23.4 (3.7)	23.8 (4.0)	< 0.001	2, 3, 5
Sarcopenia, n (%)	42 (3.2%)	40 (7.9%)	10 (8.7%)	19 (14.0%)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Osteoporosis, n (%)	144 (10.9%)	100 (19.7%)	21 (18.3%)	40 (29.4%)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	131 (9.9%)	63 (12.4%)	18 (15.7%)	20 (14.7%)	0.076	0.012
LBP, n (%)	527 (40.0%)	386 (76.1%)	100 (87.0%)	120 (88.2%)	< 0.001	< 0.001
Knee pain, n (%)	415 (31.5%)	252 (49.7%)	55 (47.8%)	80 (58.8%)	< 0.001	< 0.001

The continuous variables were shown as mean (SD), and categorical variables as frequencies (%). Chi-square test was conducted for sex and comorbidities (sarcopenia, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, LBP, and knee pain) and also confirmed p for trend. The general linear model and post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni test was performed to compare the differences among the four LS stages on age and BMI. The number indicates a significant difference by the post hoc test: 1, Non-LS versus LS stage 1; 2, Non-LS versus LS stage 2; 3, Non-LS versus LS stage 3; 4, LS stage1 versus stage 2; 5, LS stage 1 versus stage 3; 6, LS stage 2 versus stage 3
LS locomotive syndrome, GLFS geriatric locomotive function scale, BMI body mass index, LBP low back pain

ISSN: 1471-2318