Skip to main content

Table 2 Main sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample

From: Socially desirable responding in geriatric outpatients with and without mild cognitive impairment and its association with the assessment of self-reported mental health

 

NC (n = 117)

MCI (n = 182)

Total (n = 299)

NC vs MCI

Sociodemographics

 Age

78.0 (5.0)

79.2 (5.3)

78.7 (5.2)

0.044b

 Female sex

85 (72.6)

128 (70.3)

213 (71.2)

0.665d

 Education (yrs)

11.7 (4.3)

10.0 (4.6)

10.7 (4.5)

0.001c

 Income > 1500 €/montha

87 (75.0)

119 (66.5)

206 (69.8)

0.119d

Cognitive status

 MMSE

28.2 (1.2)

26.6 (2.2)

27.2 (2.0)

< 0.001c

 Global cognition (Z-score)

−0.8 (0.4)

−1.9 (0.7)

−1.5 (0.8)

< 0.001c

 Memory (Z-score)

0.0 (0.5)

−1.1 (0.9)

−0.7 (1.0)

< 0.001b

 Attention/Executive (Z-score)

−3.2 (1.0)

−4.5 (1.2)

−4.0 (1.3)

< 0.001c

Functional status

 BADL

5.5 (0.5)

5.5 (0.6)

5.5 (0.5)

0.665c

 IADL

7.1 (1.4)

6.6 (1.5)

6.8 (1.5)

< 0.001c

Emotional status

 GDS-s

3.3 (2.9)

3.6 (2.9)

3.5 (2.9)

0.319c

 STPI-TA

18.3 (5.5)

19.1 (5.3)

18.8 (5.4)

0.092c

Comorbidity

 CIRS-m

2.4 (1.3)

2.6 (1.5)

2.5 (1.4)

0.553c

  1. Legend
  2. Continuous variables expressed as mean (standard deviation) and categorical variables as number (percentage). a Income data missing for 4 participants (1 NC, 3 MCI), b Student’s t-test, c Mann-Whitney’s U-test, d Chi-squared test. Statistically significant results are shown in bold typeface. Abbreviations: NC Normal Cognition; MCI Mild Cognitive Impairment; MMSE Mini Mental State Examination (score range 0–30, higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning); BADL Basic Activities of Daily Living (score range 0–6, higher scores indicate greater functional independence); IADL Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (score range 0–8, higher scores indicate greater functional independence); GDS-s short Geriatric Depression Scale (score range 0–15, higher scores indicate greater depressive symptoms); STPI-TA State-Trait Personality Inventory Trait Anxiety subscale (score range 10–40, higher scores indicate greater anxiety symptoms); CIRS-m Cumulative Illness Rating Scale comorbidity (score range 0–13, higher scores indicate greater comorbidity)