Table 2 prevalence conditions of frailty by demographics characteristics and geriatric syndrome
Characteristics | Cases (n = 218) | frailty (n = 66) | Non-frailty (n = 152) | Statistics | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 74.71 ± 8.31 | 79.23 ± 8.61 | 72.75 ± 7.39 | t = 5.65 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.82 ± 4.76 | 23.03 ± 4.30 | 24.17 ± 4.92 | t = 1.63 | 0.100 |
Gender [cases (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 1.86 | 0.181 |
 Male | 162 (74.30) | 45 (27.80) | 117 (72.20) |  |  |
 Female | 56 (25.7) | 21 (37.50) | 35 (62.50) |  |  |
Admission to hospital [cases (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 39.39 | < 0.001 |
 walking | 169 (77.50) | 34 (20.10) | 135 (79.90) |  |  |
 With wheelchair | 38 (17.40) | 27 (71.10) | 11 (28.90) |  |  |
 With stretcher | 11 (5.00) | 5 (45.50) | 6 (54.50) |  |  |
Marital status [cases (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 10.33 | 0.002 |
 married | 187 (85.80) | 49 (26.20) | 138 (73.80) |  |  |
 Single (Divorced or Widowed) | 31 (14.20) | 18 (54.80) | 14 (45.20) |  |  |
Education [cases (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 1.22 | 0.759 |
 Illiteracy | 17 (7.80) | 5 (29.40) | 12 (70.60) |  |  |
 Primary or Middle School | 75 (34.40) | 26 (34.70) | 49 (65.30) |  |  |
 High school | 54 (24.80) | 16 (29.60) | 38 (70.40) |  |  |
 Diploma or above | 72 (33.00) | 19 (26.40) | 53 (73.60) |  |  |
Residence [cases (%)] | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Living with Spouse | 145 (66.51) | 38 (26.20) | 107 (73.80) | χ2 = 3.40 | 0.065 |
 Live with your children | 49 (22.48) | 14 (28.60) | 35 (71.40) | χ2 = 0.09 | 0.768 |
 Living alone at home | 18 (8.26) | 8 (44.40) | 10 (55.60) | χ2 = 1.87 | 0.172 |
 To hire a nanny | 11 (5.05) | 7 (63.60) | 4 (36.40) | χ2 = 6.12 | 0.020 |
Medical insurance [cases (%)] |  |  |  | χ2 = 13.70 | 0.006 |
 Medical insurance for urban residents | 60 (27.50) | 18 (30.0) | 42 (70.0) |  |  |
 Provincial/municipal medical insurance | 130 (59.60) | 33 (25.40) | 97 (74.60) |  |  |
 Public health care | 24 (11.00) | 13 (54.20) | 11 (45.80) |  |  |
out-of-pocket | 4 (1.80) | 2 (50.00) | 2 (50.00) | Â | Â |
 Number of hospitalizations in the past 12 months | 1 (1,3) | 1 (1,3) | 1 (1,2) | Z = 0.84 | 0.401 |
 With cancer history [cases (%)] | 64 (29.36) | 20 (31.20) | 44 (68.80) | χ2 = 0.041 | 0.872 |
 With hypertension history [cases (%)] | 155 (71.10) | 43 (27.70) | 112 (72.30) | χ2 = 1.63 | 0.255 |
 With diabetes mellitus history [cases (%)] | 71 (32.57) | 22 (31.00) | 49 (69.00) | χ2 = 0.025 | 0.876 |
 With cerebrovascular history disease [cases (%)] | 70 (32.11) | 29 (41.40) | 41 (58.60) | χ2 = 6.08 | 0.018 |
 Smoking [cases(%)] | 65 (29.80) | 18 (27.70) | 47 (72.30) | χ2 = 0.29 | 0.588 |
 Drinking alcohol [cases (%)] | 58 (26.60) | 13 (22.40) | 45 (77.60) | χ2 = 2.31 | 0.128 |
 Vision dysfuction [cases (%)] | 16 (7.30) | 6 (37.50) | 10 (62.50) | χ2 = 0.59 | 0.722 |
 Hearing dysfunction [cases (%)] | 21 (9.60) | 15 (71.40) | 6 (28.60) | χ2 = 19.36 | 0.001 |
 Involuntary leakage of urine and wet pants in the past year [cases (%)] | 25 (11.50) | 13 (52.00) | 12 (48.00) | χ2 = 6.31 | 0.012 |
 Repeated choking and coughing after eating or drinking [cases(%)] | 17 (7.80) | 9 (52.90) | 8 (47.10) | χ2 = 4.49 | 0.034 |
 With dentures [example (%)] | 53 (24.30) | 22 (41.50) | 31 (58.50) | χ2 = 4.19 | 0.041 |
 Bedridden status ≥22 h / day for 3 days or more in the past 7 days [case (%)] | 35 (16.10) | 25 (71.40) | 10 (28.60) | χ2 = 33.45 | < 0.001 |
 Polypharmacy [cases (%)] | 162 (74.30) | 57 (35.20) | 105 (64.80) | χ2 = 7.20 | 0.007 |
 NRS score | 1.30 ± 0.61 | 1.50 ± 0.73 | 1.21 ± 0.54 | t = 2.91 | 0.001 |
 Barthel index score | 84.28 ± 18.81 | 71.82 ± 20.97 | 89.68 ± 14.90 | t = 6.27 | < 0.001 |
 Caprini score | 4.22 ± 2.36 | 5.33 ± 2.54 | 3.73 ± 2.09 | t = 4.50 | < 0.001 |
 MNA–SF score | 11.68 ± 2.62 | 10.06 ± 2.58 | 12.38 ± 2.32 | t = 6.30 | < 0.001 |
 MMSE score | 26.14 ± 5.11 | 20 (54.10) | 17 (45.90) | χ2 = 11.94 | 0.001 |
 Morse score | 44.39 ± 15.49 | 51.29 ± 16.95 | 41.39 ± 13.83 | t = 4.18 | < 0.001 |
 GDS - 15 score | 2 (1,4) | 3 (2,6) | 2 (1,3) | Z = -5.06 | 0.001 |