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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Participants in Four Population-Based Studies of the Very-oldab

From: The effects of single and a combination of determinants of anaemia in the very old: results from the TULIPS consortium

 

Leiden 85-plus (N = 555)

LiLACS NZ

Māori

(N = 207)

LiLACS NZ

Non-Māori (N = 357)

Newcastle 85+

(N = 752)

TOOTH

(N = 345)

Age, median (IQR)

85

82 (80 to 84)

85 (84 to 85)

85.5 (85.2 to 85.8)

90 (89 to 92)

Sex, women n (%)

368 (66.3)

116 (56.0)

181 (50.7)

456 (60.6)

192 (55.7)

Institutionalisationc

101 (18.2)

2 (1.0)

9 (2.5)

62 (8.3)

NA

Anaemiad

158 (28.5)

45 (21.7)

75 (21.0)

224 (29.8)

167 (48.4)

Smoking

 Never

278 (50.9)

91 (44.4)

188 (52.7)

264 (35.2)

199 (59.2)

 Past/Present

268 (49.1)

114 (55.6)

169 (47.4)

485 (64.8)

133 (39.6)

Multi-morbidity (≥2 diseases)e

84 (15.1)

54 (26.1)

121 (33.9)

88 (11.7)

26 (7.5)

Single Determinantsf

 Iron Deficiency

41 (7.4)

5 (3.0)

20 (6.7)

77 (10.3)

56 (16.3)

 Vitamin B12 Deficiency

85 (15.4)

23 (13.3)

48 (16.8)

131 (17.4)

14 (4.8)

 Folate Deficiency

42 (7.6)

86 (45.5)

131 (40.2)

26 (3.5)

3 (1.0)

 Low eGFR

111 (20.0)

37 (18.1)

49 (13.8)

234 (31.1)

21 (6.1)

 High CRP

191 (34.4)

51 (24.8)

86 (24.2)

220 (29.3)

40 (11.7)

Sum of Combination of Abnormal Determinants

 0

226 (40.7)

71 (34.3)

121 (33.9)

262 (34.8)

229 (66.4)

 1

208 (37.5)

85 (41.1)

150 (42.0)

326 (43.4)

100 (29.0)

 2

103 (18.6)

36 (17.4)

76 (21.3)

132 (17.6)

14 (4.1)

 3

16 (2.9)

15 (7.2)

9 (2.5)

30 (4.0)

2 (0.6)

 4

2 (0.4)

0

0

2 (0.3)

0

 5

0

0

1 (0.3)

0

0

Combination of Determinants (≥2)g

121 (21.8)

51 (24.6)

86 (24.1)

164 (21.8)

16 (4.6)

  1. Abbreviations: IQR Interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles), eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP C-reactive protein, NA data not applicable (exclusion criteria in study design)
  2. a Only age was presented as median (interquartile range), other variables were presented as number (percentage)
  3. b LiLACS NZ contained two cohorts: Māori and non-Māori population; TOOTH: since not all determinants were collected at baseline, 3-year follow-up was defined as baseline, and 6-year follow-up as follow-up data
  4. c Living in a nursing home
  5. d Anaemia was defined as hemoglobin < 12 g/dL for women, < 13 g/dL for men according to the WHO criteria
  6. e Multi-morbidity was composed of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer and diabetes. It was stratified into 0 to 1 or 2 and above as a binary variable
  7. f Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin < 20 μg/L for men, < 15 μg/L for women; vitamin B12 deficiency was < 150 pmol/L; folate deficiency was serum folate level < 7 nmol/L (Leiden 85-plus Study and TOOTH) or red blood cell folate < 317 nmol/L (LiLACS NZ), < 340 nmol/L (Newcastle 85+ study); low eGFR was < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFR was calculated using MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study equation from the National Kidney Foundation. High CRP was > 5 mg/L.
  8. g All four studies included five determinants: iron, vitamin B12, folate deficiency, low eGFR, and high CRP