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Fig. 1 | BMC Geriatrics

Fig. 1

From: The effects of single and a combination of determinants of anaemia in the very old: results from the TULIPS consortium

Fig. 1

Cross-sectional Results: Meta-Analyses of Determinants of Anaemia at Baseline in Association with Presence of Anaemia abc. Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein. a Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin < 20 μg/L for men, < 15 μg/L for women; vitamin B12 deficiency was < 150 pmol/L; folate deficiency was serum folate level < 7 nmol/L (Leiden 85-plus Study and TOOTH) or red blood cell folate < 317 nmol/L (LiLACS NZ) and < 340 nmol/L (Newcastle 85+ study); low eGFR was < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, eGFR was calculated using MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study equation from the National Kidney Foundation; high CRP was > 5 mg/L. b Results of fully adjusted model (model 3): adjusted for age, sex, institutionalisation, smoking and ≥ 2 multi-morbidity. Multi-morbidity was composed of stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer and diabetes. It was stratified into 0 to 1 or 2 and above as a binary variable. Leiden 85-plus Study: sex, institutionalisation, smoking and ≥ 2 multi-morbidity [stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD) excluding stroke, cancer, diabetes]; LiLACS NZ: age, sex, institutionalisation, smoking and ≥ 2 multi-morbidity [stroke (cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cardiovascular disease (CVD) excluding stroke, cancer, diabetes]; Newcastle 85+ study: age, sex, institutionalisation, smoking, ≥2 multi-morbidity (CVA, combined cardiac disease excluding CVA, cancer, diabetes); TOOTH: age, sex, smoking, ≥2 multi-morbidity (stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, diabetes). c LiLACS NZ contained two cohorts: Māori and non-Māori population; TOOTH: since not all determinants were collected at baseline, 3-year follow-up was defined as baseline, and 6-year follow-up as follow-up data. d All four studies included five determinants: iron, vitamin B12, folate deficiency, low eGFR, and high CRP. e Population with determinant within total anemic population. f Population with determinant within total non-anemic population

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