Variable | Univariate | Multivariable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Estimate | SE | P-value | Estimate | SE | P-value | |
Age (year) | 0.00603 | 0.00323 | 0.0634 | Â | Â | Â |
Sex (female) | 0.05127 | 0.03951 | 0.1961 | Â | Â | Â |
Smoke status | − 0.02789 | 0.03353 | 0.4067 |  |  |  |
 Never | Reference |  |  |  |  |  |
 Quitted | − 0.04284 | 0.04372 | 0.3286 |  |  |  |
 Smoking | −0.02436 | 0.08928 | 0.7853 |  |  |  |
Body composition | ||||||
 BMI (kg/m2) | −0.01790 | 0.00569 | 0.0020 | 0.00029 | 0.00998 | 0.9765 |
 Waist circumference (cm) | −0.00542 | 0.00196 | 0.0062 | −0.00432 | 0.00315 | 0.1728 |
 ASMI (kg/m2) | −0.03647 | 0.01764 | 0.0403 | −0.02178 | 0.02053 | 0.2904 |
 Fat mass percentage (%) | −0.00386 | 0.00244 | 0.1160 |  |  |  |
Co-morbidity | ||||||
 Hypertension | − 0.11024 | 0.05183 | 0.0349 | − 0.11649 | 0.04938 | 0.0196 |
 Hyperlipidemia | −0.08334 | 0.04024 | 0.0399 | −0.05997 | 0.03844 | 0.1208 |
 Diabetes mellitus | −0.02586 | 0.04000 | 0.5188 |  |  |  |
 Coronary artery disease | −0.07794 | 0.04229 | 0.0671 |  |  |  |
 Stroke | 0.05794 | 0.04460 | 0.1957 |  |  |  |
Medication | ||||||
 β-blockers | −0.04845 | 0.04606 | 0.2944 |  |  |  |
 Calcium channel blockers | −0.05271 | 0.03954 | 0.1843 |  |  |  |
 ACEIs or ARBs | −0.02609 | 0.03994 | 0.5144 |  |  |  |
 Metformin | −0.05150 | 0.04497 | 0.2538 |  |  |  |
 Thiazolidinediones | 0.22701 | 0.07218 | 0.0020 | 0.20538 | 0.07107 | 0.0044 |
Frail (robust, pre-frail, frail) | 0.08571 | 0.02883 | 0.0034 | 0.04265 | 0.02931 | 0.1476 |
Log (ZAG (μg/ml)) | 0.52924 | 0.17022 | 0.0022 | 0.45313 | 0.16997 | 0.0085 |