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Table 1 Demographic Data and the Results of Physical Examination and Laboratory Tests of the 189 Participants

From: Correlation between plasma ZAG and adiponectin in older adults: gender modification and frailty specificity

Variables

Overalla

(n = 189)

Malea

(n = 91)

Femalea

(n = 98)

t(p) or χ2(p)

Age (year)

77.19 ± 6.12

78.05 ± 6.00

76.38 ± 6.15

1.90(.060)

Smoking status

 Never

123 (65.08%)

27 (29.67%)

96 (97.96%)

97.05(<.0001)b

 Quitted

56 (29.63%)

55 (60.44%)

1 (1.02%)

 

 Smoking

10 (5.29%)

9 (9.89%)

1 (1.02%)

 

Co-morbidity

 Hypertension

159 (84.13%)

73 (80.22%)

86 (87.76%)

2.01(.157)

 Hyperlipidemia

115 (60.85%)

50 (54.95%)

65 (66.33%)

2.57(.109)

 Diabetes mellitus

79 (41.8%)

36 (39.56%)

43 (43.88%)

0.36(.548)

 Coronary artery disease

56 (29.63%)

28 (30.77%)

28 (28.57%)

0.11(.741)

 Stroke

51 (26.98%)

26 (28.57%)

25 (25.51%)

0.22(.636)

Medication

 Aspirin

79 (41.8%)

42 (46.15%)

37 (37.76%)

1.37(.242)

 β-blockers

45 (23.81%)

22 (24.18%)

23 (23.47%)

0.01(.909)

 Calcium channel blockers

89 (47.09%)

41 (45.05%)

48 (48.98%)

0.29(.589)

 ACEIs or ARBs

104 (55.03%)

50 (54.95%)

54 (55.1%)

0.001(.983)

 Metformin

48 (25.4%)

20 (21.98%)

28 (28.57%)

1.08(.298)

 Sulfonylureas

58 (30.69%)

23 (25.27%)

35 (35.71%)

2.42(.120)

 Thiazolidinediones

14 (7.41%)

7 (7.69%)

7 (7.14%)

0.02(.885)

 Acarbose

6 (3.17%)

3 (3.3%)

3 (3.06%)

0.01(.927)

 Repaglinide

5 (2.65%)

2 (2.2%)

3 (3.06%)

0.14(.712)

 Statins

65 (34.39%)

24 (26.37%)

41 (41.84%)

5.00(.025)

Frailty Score (Level)c

 0 (Robust)

46 (24.34%)

22 (24.18%)

24 (24.49%)

<.0001(.614) b

 1 (Pre-frail)

58 (30.69%)

32 (35.16%)

26 (26.53%)

 

 2 (Pre-frail)

48 (25.4%)

22 (24.18%)

26 (26.53%)

 

 3 (Frail)

27 (14.29%)

10 (10.99%)

17 (17.35%)

 

 4 (Frail)

9 (4.76%)

5 (5.49%)

4 (4.08%)

 

 5 (Frail)

1 (0.53%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.02%)

 

Body composition

 BMI (kg/m2)

25.05 ± 3.38

24.87 ± 3.52

25.21 ± 3.26

− 0.67(.501)

 Waist circumference (cm)

90.29 ± 9.81

90.45 ± 10.04

90.14 ± 9.64

0.21(.833)

 ASMI (kg/m2)

6.71 ± 1.1

7.53 ± 0.86

5.95 ± 0.66

13.98(<.0001)

 Fat mass percentage (%)

34.17 ± 8.15

27.87 ± 5.77

40 ± 5.12

−15.14(<.0001)

Laboratory tests

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.9 ± 1.65

13.34 ± 1.72

12.46 ± 1.47

3.42(.001)

 Albumin (g/dL)

4.54 ± 0.34

4.55 ± 0.41

4.54 ± 0.26

0.10(.919)

 Total-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.87 ± 0.9

4.63 ± 0.79

5.08 ± 0.95

−3.30(.001)

 BUN (mmol/L)

7.5 ± 3.4

8.22 ± 4.04

6.83 ± 2.5

2.52(.013)

 Creatinine (μmol/L)

113.72 ± 63.51

128.29 ± 57.38

99.5 ± 66.27

2.95(.004)

 MDRD-simplify-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

57.45 ± 16.94

57.04 ± 17.41

57.85 ± 16.56

− 0.30(.761)

 Log (TNF-α (pg/mL))

1.46 ± 0.51

1.45 ± 0.51

1.47 ± 0.5

− 0.30(.762)

 Log (CRP (nmol/L))

1.42 ± 0.29

1.44 ± 0.29

1.41 ± 0.3

0.50(.619)

 Log (Adiponectin (μg/mL))

1.00 ± 0.26

0.97 ± 0.22

1.03 ± 0.28

− 1.30(.195)

 Log (ZAG (μg/ml))

1.82 ± 0.11

1.85 ± 0.12

1.79 ± 0.10

3.51(.0006)

  1. a Data are presented as number (%) for categorical data, mean (SD) for continuous data. b Fisher’s exact test. c Scores on a modified version of Fried’s criteria range from 0 (robust) to 5 (frailty)
  2. ACEIs angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI body mass index; ASMI appendicular skeletal muscle index; BUN blood urea nitrogen; MDRD modification of diet in renal disease; GFR glomerular filtration rate; TNF-α tumor-necrosis factor alpha; CRP C-creative protein; ZAG zinc alpha2-glycoprotein
  3. MDRD-simplify-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 186 × [(CRE)-1.154] × [(age)-0.203] (if male)
  4. MDRD-simplify-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) = 186 × [(CRE)-1.154] × [(age)-0.203] × 0.742 (if female)
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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