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Table 1 Study definitions used to measure composite and individual poor clinical outcomes

From: Poor clinical outcomes associated with suboptimal antibiotic treatment among older long-term care facility residents with urinary tract infection: a retrospective cohort study

Outcome

Definition

Methods

Primary outcome (composite outcome)

 Poor clinical outcome

UTI recurrence, acute care hospitalization or ED visit, adverse drug event, CDI, or death

Each individual clinical outcome defined as below.

Secondary outcomes (individual poor clinical outcomes)

 UTI recurrence

Subsequent UTI after the first incident UTI

UTI recurrences were identified using the same methods to identify the first incident UTI.

Required urine culture collection and an antibiotic given on the culture collection date or within 3 days after culture collection.

 Acute care hospitalization or ED visit

Any admission to an acute care unit or ED within 30 days of end of antibiotic treatment, except for those for an elective hip or knee procedure

VA hospitalizations were captured using VA inpatient admission data.

VA ED visits were captured using VA outpatient visit data.

Non-VA hospitalizations and ED visits VA Fee basis files were captured using VA Fee basis files.

ICD-9 or 10 procedure codes were used to identify elective hip or knee procedures (see supplement for codes).

 Antibiotic related adverse drug events

Diagnosis of an antibiotic related adverse drug event

Previously published ICD-9 or 10 lists were used to identify antibiotic related adverse drug events (see supplement for codes) [29, 30].

 CDI

Laboratory evidence of CDI or diagnosis of CDI

Positive stool sample for C. difficile toxin(s) or ICD-9 or 10 diagnosis code for CDI (008.45, A04.71, A04.72) [31, 32].

 All-cause mortality

Death due to any cause

The Vital Status Mini File was used to confirm date of death.

  1. CDI Clostridioides difficile infection, ED Emergency Department, ICD-9 or 10 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Edition, Clinical Modification, UTI Urinary tract infection