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Table 4 Cross-sectional associations for frailty and health service utilisation: number of consultations in last 12 months

From: Association of frailty with health service utilisation and health care expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Côte d’Ivoire

 

Model 1: unadjusted

PR (95% CI) [p-val.]

Model 2: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 3: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 4: adjusted

PR (95% CI) [p-val.]

Model 5: adjusted

PR (95% CI) [p-val.]

Model 6: adjusted

PR (95% CI) [p-val.]

Number of times being admitted to hospital overnight in last 12 months (with zeros)

 Pre-frail

2.2 (− 1.1–5.4) [0.472]

2.8 (− 0.5–6.0) [0.284]

2.2 (− 1.0–5.4) [0.475]

2.1 (−1.0–5.2) [0.484]

2.4 (−0.7–5.6) [0.372]

2.9 (− 0.1–5.9) [0.208]

 Frail

4.0 (−1.7–9.6) [0.299]

4.5 (−0.7–9.7) [0.182]

4.0 (−1.7–9.7) [0.303]

4.3 (− 1.8–10.4) [0.285]

3.7 (−1.2–8.7) [0.273]

4.9 (−0.0–9.8) [0.122]

Number of times consulting a general practitioner in last 12 months (with zeros)

 Pre-frail

1.8 (0.6–2.9) [0.183]

1.3 (0.6–2.0) [0.427]

1.8 (0.6–3.0) [0.171]

1.7 (0.7–2.6) [0.197]

1.7 (0.6–2.7) [0.205]

1.3 (0.6–2.1) [0.380]

 Frail

3.1 (1.6–4.6) [0.005]

2.3 (1.2–3.4) [0.020]

3.4 (1.8–5.1) [0.004]

2.9 (1.6–4.3) [0.005]

3.0 (1.5–4.5) [0.010]

2.4 (1.2–3.5) [0.019]

Number of times consulting a specialist doctor in last 12 months (with zeros)

 Pre-frail

6.2 (0.7–11.8) [0.063]

7.0 (1.3–12.7) [0.041]

7.4 (1.2–13.6) [0.045]

6.7 (0.9–12.4) [0.054]

5.3 (0.8–9.8) [0.062]

6.0 (0.9–11.1) [0.056]

 Frail

3.9 (1.1–6.7) [0.042]

4.8 (1.4–8.3) [0.030]

6.3 (1.5–11.0) [0.029]

3.8 (1.1–6.5) [0.039]

5.3 (0.9–9.7) [0.054]

7.2 (0.6–13.7) [0.064]

  1. Reference group: robust (non-frail) PR prevalence ratio; CI confident interval; p-val. p-value of the test of H0: PR = 1; ref. reference category; model 1: unadjusted; model 2: adjusted by sex, age groups, and marital status; model 3: adjusted by health insurance; model 4: adjusted by area of residence and location; model 5: adjusted by employment status and education level; model 6: adjusted by sex, age groups, marital status, health insurance, area of residence, location, employment status and education level. The number of observations in all estimations is n = 860