Table 1 Fall Prevention Study Details

Varriano, 2020 [31]

7

O: 79.1 (6.7)

57/43

MoCA

O: 21.2 (2.9)

RCT*

12 weeks

Exercise; vestibular exercises

N/R

Usual care

Falls, but unclear if due to intervention

Goldberg, 2019 [32]

60

O: 76 (range 65–91)

43/57

MMSE

O: 25.6 (3.1);

I: 24.8 (3.6); 26.2 (3.2);

C: 25.9 (2.4)

RCT*

12 months

Exercise; Balance, strength, dual-task training, gait re-education

Home-based

Single falls prevention assessment

19 recorded adverse events (5 non-serious but intervention related)

Padala, 2017 [33]

30

O: 73.0 (6.2);

I: 72.1 (5.3);

C: 73.9 (7.1)

37/63

MMSE

O: 22.9 (2.2);

I: 23.3 (2.2);

C: 22.7 (2.3)

RCT

8 weeks

Exercise; Wii-fit (yoga, strength, aerobics, balance)

Home-based

Self-paced walking program

None study related

Zieschang, 2017 [34]

122

I: 82.1 (6.6);

C: 82.2 (6.7)

74/26²

MMSE

I: 21.6 (2.9);

C: 21.9 (3.3)

RCT

3 months

Exercise; progressive resistance and functional training (activities of daily living, balance, walking, gait)

N/R

Seated motor training exercises

N/R

Sungkarat, 2017 [35]

66

I: 68.3 (6.7);

C: 67.5 (7.3)

50/50

MoCA, MMSE

I: MoCA: 21.2 (3.4), MMSE: 26.5 (1.7);

C: MoCA: 20.4 (3.8), MMSE: 25.8 (2.3)

RCT

15 weeks

Exercise; Tai Chi

Community-centre and home-based

Educational material covering information related to cognitive impairment and fall prevention

No adverse events found

Schwenk, 2016 [36]

22

O: 78.2 (8.7);

I: 77.8 (6.9);

C: 79.0 (10.4)

55/45

MoCA

O: 23.3 (2.6);

I: 23.3 (3.1);

C: 22.4 (3.0)

RCT*

4 weeks

Exercise; Balance (ankle point-to-point reaching tasks and virtual obstacle-crossing tasks)

Research centre

Usual care

No training-related adverse events occurred

Montero-Odasso, 2019 [41]

60

O: 75.28 (7.18);

I: 73.45 (5.74);

C: 77.24 (8.11)

45/55

MMSE, MoCA

O: sMMSE: 27.47 (1.96), MoCA: 23.60 (2.52);

I: sMMSE: 27.42 (2.19), MoCA: 23.19 (2.55);

C: sMMSE: 27.52 (1.72), MoCA: 22.97 (2.37)

RCT

6 months

Medication or vitamin supplement; Donepezil

Home-based

Placebo

No major adverse events requiring treatment were reported

Chen, 2018 [39]

30

I: 77.3 (9.4);

C: 77.3 (10.0)

50/50

MMSE, CDR

I: MMSE: 16.4 (7.3), CDR: 0.5 = 6, 1.0 = 6, 2.0 = 3;

C: MMSE: 17.9 (3.7), CDR: 0.5 = 3, 1.0 = 9, 2.0 = 1

RCT

2 months

Multifactorial; Musical dual-task training (physical and cognitive tasks)

Community/research centre

Non-musical cognitive tasks and walking exercises

No adverse events reported

Kim, 2017 [40]

30

I: 82.0 (4.6);

C: 80.9 (3.4)

20/80

MMSE-Korea

I: 15.5 (2.9);

C: 15.6 (2.4)

CCT

12 weeks

Multifactorial; physical activities, cognitive activities, activities of daily living, music activities

Community centre

Usual care

N/R

Wesson, 2013 [1]

22

I: 78.7 (4.2);

C: 80.9 (5.0)

41/59

ACE-R, MMSE

I: ACE-R: 67.8 (12.6), MMSE: 24.5 (3.1);

C: ACE-R: 62.5 (14.2), MMSE: 22.5 (4.3)

RCT*

12 weeks

Multifactorial; strength and balance exercises, home hazard reduction

Home-based

Usual care, health promotion brochures on fall prevention and home safety

No serious adverse events related to the intervention were reported. Minor complaints relating to stiffness, dizziness and mild joint pain (n = 4; 36%) were reported.

Suttanon, 2013 [37]

40

O: 81.90 (5.72);

I: 83.42 (5.10);

C: 80.52 (6.01)

63/37

MMSE

I: 20.89 (4.74);

C: 21.67 (4.43)

RCT*

6 months

Exercise; balance and strength exercises, walking program

Home-based

Education and information sessions on the topic of dementia and ageing

There were no falls or other serious adverse events associated with the intervention

Hernandez, 2010 [38]

20

O: 78.5 (6.8);

I: 77.7 (7.6);

C: 84.0 (6.1)

N/R

MMSE

I: 16.4 (6.7);

C: 14.2 (5.1)

CCT

6 months

Exercise; stretching, weight training, circuits, dance, recreational activities, relaxation

N/R

Usual care

N/R