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Table 3 Odds ratio from logistic regression models showing the association of bio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics measure in round-I with acquiring and recovery from disability during round-II among panel data of older adults

From: Determinants of acquired disability and recovery from disability in Indian older adults: longitudinal influence of socio-economic and health-related factors

Characteristics

Change in disability status during round-II

Disability acquired

Disability recovered

OR

95 % CI

OR

95 % CI

Gender of individual

  Male

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Female

1.40***

(1.21–1.61)

0.85

(0.56–1.29)

Age-group (in years)

  60–69

1.00

 

1.00

 

  70–79

1.60***

(1.45–1.78)

0.57***

(0.42–0.77)

  80+

2.27***

(1.85–2.78)

0.41***

(0.23–0.72)

Had Cardiovascular diseases

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.32

(0.91–1.91)

0.59

(0.30–1.19)

Had Hypertension

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.16

(0.95–1.42)

1.10

(0.74–1.62)

Had Diabetes

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.14

(0.86–1.50)

0.74

(0.45–1.21)

Had Respiratory illnesses

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.04

(0.79–1.37)

0.93

(0.53–1.66)

Had Cataract

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.45**

(1.07–1.97)

1.15

(0.76–1.76)

Had Any other chronic illnesses

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.36***

(1.09–1.69)

0.57***

(0.38–0.85)

Current marital status

  Currently married

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Currently not married

1.12**

(1.01–1.25)

1.06

(0.76–1.47)

Level of education

  No formal schooling

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Less than 5 years of schooling

1.06

(0.93–1.21)

0.76

(0.52–1.10)

  6–10 years of schooling

0.94

(0.81–1.10)

0.72

(0.45–1.13)

  More than 10 years of schooling

1.01

(0.83–1.22)

0.82

(0.45–1.52)

Working status

  Working

1.00

 

1.00

 

Not working

1.21***

(1.06–1.39)

1.34

(0.80–2.23)

Household headship status

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.09

(0.95–1.25)

0.94

(0.63–1.38)

Family structure

  Joint/Extended

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Nuclear

0.93

(0.80–1.09)

1.17

(0.72–1.88)

  Single generation

1.35***

(1.16–1.57)

1.07

(0.71–1.62)

Household wealth quintile

  Poorest

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Poor

0.93

(0.80–1.09)

1.58*

(0.92–2.72)

  Medium

0.83**

(0.71–0.97)

2.16***

(1.27–3.69)

  Rich

0.88

(0.75–1.04)

2.03**

(1.16–3.53)

  Richest

0.92

(0.76–1.11)

2.38***

(1.31–4.33)

Household below poverty line (BPL)

  No

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Yes

1.02

(0.91–1.15)

1.12

(0.74–1.69)

Caste of household

  Scheduled Tribes

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Scheduled Castes

1.19

(0.95–1.48)

0.50*

(0.23–1.06)

  Other Backward Classes

1.19

(0.96–1.47)

0.44**

(0.22–0.90)

  Others

1.08

(0.86–1.34)

0.40**

(0.19–0.83)

Religion of household

  Hindu

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Muslim

0.97

(0.82–1.13)

1.31

(0.81–2.11)

  Others

1.16*

(0.97–1.38)

0.82

(0.51–1.30)

Participates in social group

  Yes

1.00

 

1.00

 

  No

1.03

(0.93–1.13)

1.26

(0.93–1.70)

Place of residence

    

  Urban

1.00

 

1.00

 

  Rural

1.05

(0.93–1.19)

0.81

(0.58–1.15)

Country regions

  Northern

1.00

 

1.00

 

  North Eastern

0.18***

(0.11–0.28)

3.29

(0.55–19.9)

  Central

2.72***

(2.31–3.19)

0.51**

(0.29–0.91)

  Eastern

0.75***

(0.65–0.87)

2.70***

(1.59–4.56)

  Western

0.70***

(0.60–0.81)

1.83***

(1.18–2.82)

  Southern

1.40***

(1.23–1.59)

0.79

(0.53–1.17)

Number of older adults

9,533

994

  1. Note – (a) Categories with odds ratio 1.00 are the reference category (b) * denotes p-value < 0.1, ** denotes p-value < 0.05, *** denotes p-value < 0.01 (c) OR: Odds ratio (d) 95 % Confidence interval (CI) is given in brackets