Variable | BE group (n = 52) | PED group (n = 51) | CO group (n = 50) | PED vs BE | PED vs CO | BE vs CO | BE group (n = 48) | PED group (n = 49) | CO group (n = 47) | PED vs BE | PED vs CO | BE vs CO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline—12 weeks Mean change from baseline (95% CI) | After 12 weeks | Baseline—24 weeks Mean change from baseline (95% CI) | After 24 weeks | ||||||||||
Main Outcome | |||||||||||||
HGS R [kg] | 5.54 (4.89; 6.19) | 6.77 (6.04; 7.50) | −0.77 (−1.06; − 0.48) | p = 0,01* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 4.51 (3.84; 5.18) | 6.42 (5.72; 7.11) | −1.42 (− 1.80; − 1.04) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
HGS L [kg] | 6.60 (6.08; 7.11) | 8.05 (7.51; 8.60) | −0.40 (− 0.56; − 0.24) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 6.12 (5.64; 6.61) | 7.76 (7.22; 8.30) | −0.95 (−1.22; − 0.69) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
Secondary Outcomes | |||||||||||||
Manual dexterity | BBT | 9.50 (8.85; 10.15) | 12.90 (11.62; 14.18) | −1.50 (−2.01; −0.99) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 8.88 (8.15; 9.60) | 13.00 (11.69; 14.31) | −2.49 (−3.15; −1.82) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
Arm strength and endurance | ACT | 2.56 (1.98; 3.13) | 3.71 (3.13; 4.28) | −0.52 (−0.86; 0.18) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 2.40 (1.78; 3.01) | 3.67 (3.12; 4.22) | −0.83 (−1.24; − 0.42) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
Joint mobility | Shoulder flexion [degree] | 10.38 (7.58; 13.19) | 10.88 (7.91; 13.85) | −1.80 (−2.94; −0.66) | p > 0.999 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 5.52 (−0.03; 11.07) | 9.69 (6.64; 12.75) | −3.83 (−5.40; −2.26) | p = 0,35 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
Shoulder extension [degree] | 4.92 (−2.95; 12.80) | 9.71 (8.01; 11.40) | −2.30 (−3.26; −1.34) | p = 0,46 | p < 0.001* | p = 0,10 | 3.67 (−5.02; 12.35) | 9.49 (7.75; 11.23) | −2.21 (−3.57; −0.86) | p = 0,33 | p < 0.001* | p = 0,33 | |
Shoulder abduction [degree] | 11.87 (8.85; 14.89) | 14.94 (12.19; 17.69) | −3.66 (−4.80; −2.52) | p = 0,23 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 11.42 (8.23; 14.61) | 14.67 (11.93; 17.42) | −4.02 (−5.23; −2.81) | p = 0,21 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
Lung capacity | PEF | 39.83 (32.10; 47.56) | 56.10 (41.99; 70.21) | −21.62 (− 28.59; −14.65) | p = 0,07 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 9.98 (2.90; 17.06) | 41.14 (29.23; 53.06) | −29.23 (−37.40;- 21.07) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
FEV1 | 0.46 (0.36; 0.56) | 0.71 (0.59; 0.84) | −0.15 (−0.20; −0.11) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 0.23 (0.15; 0.32) | 4.15 (−3.44; 11.74) | −0.36 (− 0.44; − 0.28) | – | – | – | |
Flexibility Assessment | BS R [cm] | 8.13 (7.01; 9.26) | 14.82 (11.84; 17.81) | −1.20 (−2.23; − 0.17) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 6.81 (5.79; 7.84) | 13.51 (10.82; 16.20) | −1.79 (−2.96; −0.62) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
BS L [cm] | 9.38 (7.71; 1.06) | 14.57 (11.38; 17.76) | −1.66 (−2.65; −0.67) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 8.23 (6.63; 9.83) | 14.00 (10.64; 7.36) | −1.34 (− 1.75; −0.93) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
CSR R [cm] | 7.90 (5.37; 10.43) | 12.98 (10.76; 15.20) | −1.12 (− 1.59; −0.65) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 7.63 (4.94; 10.31) | 12.82 (10.55; 15.08) | −2.17 (−2.72; −1.62) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
CSR L [cm] | 7.17 (5.70; 8.64) | 11.92 (9.93; 13.91) | −0.62 (−1.35; 0.11) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 6.58 (5.17; 7.99) | 11.78 (9.79; 13.76) | −1.77 (−2.59; −0.94) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
Functional Assessment | Katz ADL | 0.04 (−0.10; 0.17) | 0.18 (0.03; 0.32) | 0.00 (−0.14; 0.14) | – | – | – | −0.10 (− 0.29; 0.08) | 0.12 (− 0.04; 0.28) | −0.68 (− 0.89;-0.47) | p = 0,25 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |
BI | 0.58 (−0.23; .39) | 3.92 (2.53; 5.31) | −1.40 (−2.59; − 0.21) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p = 0,05* | −0.42 (− 1.25; 0.42) | 2.96 (1.44; 4.48) | −4.26 (−5.93; − 2.58) | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | |
Body Balance Assessment | BBS | 1.90 (1.51; 2.30) | 2.59 (2.20; 2.98) | −0.40 (− 0.66; − 0.14) | p = 0,02* | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* | 1.88 (1.47; 2.28) | 2.39 (1.99; 2.78) | −0.66 (− 0.95; − 0.37) | p = 0,15 | p < 0.001* | p < 0.001* |