| Tertile of total olfaction | Crude | Adjusted for age and sex | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | T1, n = 18 | T2, n = 13 | T3, n = 13 | p | Trend | p | Trend |
Total olfaction score, mean ± SD | 3.9 ± 2.7 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 10.2 ± 0.8 | .000 | .000 |  |  |
Sex, female (%) | 13 (72) | 8 (62) | 9 (69) | .816 | .820 | - | - |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
 Diabetes mellitus | 5 (28) | 6 (46) | 6 (46) | .469 | .281 | - | - |
 Hyperlipemia | 6 (33) | 2 (15) | 4 (31) | .512 | .798 | - | - |
 Hypertension | 4 (22) | 4 (31) | 2 (15) | .644 | .712 | - | - |
Physical parameters, mean ± SD | |||||||
 Age, years | 73.0 ± 6.2 | 74.4 ± 5.5 | 69.5 ± 4.0 | .069 | .082 | - | - |
 Height, cm | 153.8 ± 8.9 | 151.5 ± 9.7 | 154.2 ± 5.9 | .678 | .889 | .222 | .787 |
 Weight, kg | 54.1 ± 12.6 | 52.9 ± 10.5 | 54.0 ± 10.3 | .951 | .981 | .831 | .650 |
 BMI, kg/m2 | 22.8 ± 4.3 | 22.9 ± 2.8 | 22.7 ± 3.7 | .988 | .907 | .929 | .744 |
 GDS, scorea | 3.1 ± 2.7 | 3.1 ± 2.8 | 1.8 ± 1.6 | .270 | .139 | .421 | .228 |
Physical performance, mean ± SD | |||||||
 Five times CS, sa | 7.8 ± 2.0 | 6.9 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | .262 | .163 | .241 | .450 |
 OLS, s | 43.9 ± 34.8 | 41.3 ± 42.2 | 63.9 ± 43.1 | .281 | .173 | .682 | .421 |
 Preferred GS, m/s | 1.26 ± 0.22 | 1.24 ± 0.18 | 1.36 ± 0.19 | .260 | .187 | .404 | .252 |
 Maximal GS, m/s | 1.71 ± 0.25 | 1.76 ± 0.28 | 1.86 ± 0.19 | .222 | .086 | .457 | .220 |
Cognitive function, mean ± SD | |||||||
 Global cognition, score | 13.8 ± 1.7 | 13.7 ± 1.5 | 14.5 ± 0.8 | .255 | .155 | .682 | .404 |
 WMS-R LM-I, score | 7.4 ± 3.9 | 9.2 ± 4.3 | 10.1 ± 3.9 | .178 | .076 | .220 | .154 |
 TMT-A, sa | 106.3 ± 41.7 | 103.5 ± 36.4 | 76.9 ± 14.5 | .054 | .023 | .250 | .098 |
 TMT-B, sa | 160.1 ± 95.6 | 124.3 ± 39.6 | 106.1 ± 29.5 | .085 | .033 | .112 | .145 |
Brain atrophy, z-score, mean ± SD | |||||||
 Medial temporal areaa | 0.84 ± 0.35 | 0.79 ± 0.46 | 0.66 ± 0.40 | .459 | .223 | .682 | .533 |
 GM in the whole braina | 3.71 ± 1.65 | 3.78 ± 1.67 | 3.46 ± 1.17 | .850 | .653 | .984 | .873 |