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Table 3 Subject parameters and performance in each total olfaction tertile

From: Association between the inability to identify particular odors and physical performance, cognitive function, and/or brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults from the Fukuoka Island City study

 

Tertile of total olfaction

Crude

Adjusted for age and sex

Variables

T1, n = 18

T2, n = 13

T3, n = 13

p

Trend

p

Trend

Total olfaction score, mean ± SD

3.9 ± 2.7

7.6 ± 1.6

10.2 ± 0.8

.000

.000

  

Sex, female (%)

13 (72)

8 (62)

9 (69)

.816

.820

-

-

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Diabetes mellitus

5 (28)

6 (46)

6 (46)

.469

.281

-

-

 Hyperlipemia

6 (33)

2 (15)

4 (31)

.512

.798

-

-

 Hypertension

4 (22)

4 (31)

2 (15)

.644

.712

-

-

Physical parameters, mean ± SD

 Age, years

73.0 ± 6.2

74.4 ± 5.5

69.5 ± 4.0

.069

.082

-

-

 Height, cm

153.8 ± 8.9

151.5 ± 9.7

154.2 ± 5.9

.678

.889

.222

.787

 Weight, kg

54.1 ± 12.6

52.9 ± 10.5

54.0 ± 10.3

.951

.981

.831

.650

 BMI, kg/m2

22.8 ± 4.3

22.9 ± 2.8

22.7 ± 3.7

.988

.907

.929

.744

 GDS, scorea

3.1 ± 2.7

3.1 ± 2.8

1.8 ± 1.6

.270

.139

.421

.228

Physical performance, mean ± SD

 Five times CS, sa

7.8 ± 2.0

6.9 ± 1.5

6.8 ± 1.6

.262

.163

.241

.450

 OLS, s

43.9 ± 34.8

41.3 ± 42.2

63.9 ± 43.1

.281

.173

.682

.421

 Preferred GS, m/s

1.26 ± 0.22

1.24 ± 0.18

1.36 ± 0.19

.260

.187

.404

.252

 Maximal GS, m/s

1.71 ± 0.25

1.76 ± 0.28

1.86 ± 0.19

.222

.086

.457

.220

Cognitive function, mean ± SD

 Global cognition, score

13.8 ± 1.7

13.7 ± 1.5

14.5 ± 0.8

.255

.155

.682

.404

 WMS-R LM-I, score

7.4 ± 3.9

9.2 ± 4.3

10.1 ± 3.9

.178

.076

.220

.154

 TMT-A, sa

106.3 ± 41.7

103.5 ± 36.4

76.9 ± 14.5

.054

.023

.250

.098

 TMT-B, sa

160.1 ± 95.6

124.3 ± 39.6

106.1 ± 29.5

.085

.033

.112

.145

Brain atrophy, z-score, mean ± SD

 Medial temporal areaa

0.84 ± 0.35

0.79 ± 0.46

0.66 ± 0.40

.459

.223

.682

.533

 GM in the whole braina

3.71 ± 1.65

3.78 ± 1.67

3.46 ± 1.17

.850

.653

.984

.873

  1. Crude: analysis of variance (ANOVA). Adjusted age and gender: analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)
  2. BMI body mass index, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, CS chair stand, OLS one leg standing with open eyes, GS gait speed, TMT Trail Making Test, WMS-R LM Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory Immediate, GM gray matter
  3. aLower scores indicate better performance