Association between the inability to identify particular odors and physical performance, cognitive function, and/or brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults from the Fukuoka Island City study

Table 1 Subject parameters divided by sex

Variables	All n = 44	Male n = 14	Female n = 30	p
Physical parameters, mean ± SD
Age, years	72.4 ± 5.7	71.2 ± 5.8	72.9 ± 5.6	.366
Height, cm	153.2 ± 8.3	162.2 ± 5.7	149.0 ± 5.4	.000
Weight, kg	53.7 ± 11.1	61.8 ± 11.2	50.0 ± 8.9	.000
BMI, kg/m²	22.8 ± 3.6	23.4 ± 3.3	22.5 ± 3.8	.445
GDS, score^a	2.7 ± 2.5	1.8 ± 1.5	3.1 ± 2.7	.040
Comorbidities, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	17 (39)	7 (50)	10 (33)	.290
Hyperlipemia	12 (27)	2 (14)	10 (33)	.186
Hypertension	10 (23)	0 (0)	10 (33)	.014
Physical performance, mean ± SD
Five times CS, s^a	7.2 ± 1.8	7.0 ± 1.5	7.3 ± 1.9	.641
OLS, s	49.0 ± 39.9	56.2 ± 49.6	45.7 ± 34.9	.481
Preferred GS, m/s	1.28 ± 0.20	1.26 ± 0.20	1.29 ± 0.21	.633
Maximal GS, m/s	1.77 ± 0.25	1.86 ± 0.22	1.72 ± 0.25	.081
Cognitive function, mean ± SD
Global cognition, score	14.0 ± 1.5	14.1 ± 1.8	13.9 ± 1.3	.773
WMS-R LM-I, score	8.7 ± 4.1	8.0 ± 4.7	9.1 ± 3.9	.431
TMT-A, s^a	96.8 ± 35.9	97.4 ± 39.4	96.5 ± 34.8	.940
TMT-B, s^a	133.6 ± 69.6	134.1 ± 87.2	133.4 ± 61.4	.974
Brain atrophy, z-score, mean ± SD
Medial temporal area^a	0.77 ± 0.40	0.89 ± 0.47	0.71 ± 0.35	.161
GM in the whole brain^a	3.66 ± 1.50	4.07 ± 1.95	3.46 ± 1.23	.297

For the physical parameters, physical performance, cognitive function, and brain atrophy, the p-value for male vs. female was calculated using an unpaired t-test
For the comorbidities, the p-value for male vs. female was calculated using a chi-squared test
BMI body mass index, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale, SD standard deviation, CS chair stand, OLS one leg standing with open eyes, GS gait speed, TMT Trail Making Test, WMS-R LM Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory Immediate, GM gray matter
^aLower scores indicate better performance

ISSN: 1471-2318