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Table 1 Cohort baseline characteristics

From: Development of a multivariable prognostic PREdiction model for 1-year risk of FALLing in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years and above (PREFALL)

Variable

Level and summary measure

Total a

Sociodemographics

 Age (years)

median [IQR]

82 [80, 86]

 Sex

Women, n (%)

160 (66.4)

 Marital status

Married or living with a partner, n (%)

98 (40.7)

Widow, n (%)

125 (51.9)

Other, n (%)

18 (7.5)

 Living alone

Yes, n (%)

144 (59.8)

 Highest level of education completed

Municipal primary and lower secondary school, n (%)

106 (44.0)

Skilled worker, n (%)

68 (28.2)

General upper secondary education or longer, n (%)

67 (27.8)

 Monthly household income in Euro

<  1075, n (%)

106 (44.0)

1076 - 2285, n (%)

81 (33.6)

>  2285, n (%)

54 (22.4)

 Weekly alcohol consumption (units)

<  7, n (%)

187 (77.6)

7–14, n (%)

47 (19.5)

>  14, n (%)

7 (2.9)

 Having dog or cats in the household

Yes, n (%)

30 (12.4)

 Using glasses with multifocal lenses

Yes, n (%)

184 (76.3)

Falls

 One or more falls within the previous year

Yes, n (%)

105 (43.6)

 Do you think you will fall within the next year?

Yes, n (%)

45 (18.7)

 Short Falls Efficacy Scale International (7–28) #

median [IQR]

8 [7, 11]

Comorbidities and medication

 Having two or more diseases or chronic disorders

Yes, n (%)

209 (86.7)

 Charlson Comorbidity Index - score (0–37) #

median [IQR]

1 [0, 2]

 Charlson Comorbidity Index – grouping #

0, n (%)

106 (44.0)

1–2, n (%)

108 (44.8)

>  3, n (%)

27 (11.2)

 Number of all prescribed drugs

median [IQR]

7 [4, 10]

 Polypharmacy (5 or more prescribed drugs)

Yes, n (%)

170 (70.5)

Frailty and symptoms

 Tilburg Frailty Indicator - Total score (0–15) #

median [IQR]

6 [4, 8] b

 Occasionally experiencing dizziness

Yes, n (%)

123 (51.0)

 Occasionally experiencing lower limb pain when walking?

Yes, n (%)

121 (50.2)

 Occasionally experiencing urinary incontinence

Yes, n (%)

90 (37.3)

Nutrition

 Mini Nutritional Assessment Score (0–14)

median [IQR]

11 [10, 12] b

 Body Mass Index (kg/m2)

median [IQR]

27.7 [25.3,30.7] b

Psychology and cognition

 Geriatric Depression Scale - 4 items #

Two or more points, n (%)

13 (5.4)

 Orientation-Memory-Concentration test (0–28)

median [IQR]

26 [22, 26] d

 EQ-5D-3L score (−0.167–1.000)

median [IQR]

0.7 [0.6, 1.0]

Activities of Daily Living and mobility

 Vulnerable Elders Survey - 13 (1–10) #

median [IQR]

3 [1, 4] d

 Using walking aids

Yes, n (%)

142 (58.9)

 Habitual gait speed (m/sec)

median [IQR]

0.9 [0.7, 1.2]

Physical

 Total grip strength of both upper limbs (kg)

median [IQR]

24.3 [18.6, 30.2] c

 Difference in grip strength between upper limbs (kg)

median [IQR]

1.5 [0.7, 2.5] c

 Total isometric lower limb strength (kg)

median [IQR]

132.8 [90.1, 188.4] c

 Difference in isometric lower limb strengths (kg)

median [IQR]

7.1 [3.4, 11.9] c

 Average lower limb reaction time (ms)

median [IQR]

1315 [1122; 1567] c

 Difference in lower limb reaction time (ms)

median [IQR]

142 [60, 370] c

 Centre of Pressure area (mm2)

median [IQR]

69 [42, 112] b

 Centre of Pressure speed (mm/s)

median [IQR]

23 [16, 30] b

  1. Notes: n number, % percentage proportion, IQR interquartile range, # a lower score is better, m/sec meters per second, kg kilogram, ms milliseconds, mm2 square millimeters, mm/s millimeters per second, kg/m2 kg per square meters, a = sample size is 241 participants, b = 1 missing observation, c = 2 missing observations, d = 4 missing observations