Table 6 Multiple logistic regression analysis for having low independence 3 years after baseline by age stage
Baseline characteristics | All participants | Earlier-stage | Later-stage | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 2250) | (n = 1545) | (n = 705) | |||||||||||||
OR | (95%CI) | P value | OR | (95%CI) | P value | OR | (95%CI) | P value | |||||||
IADL score of baseline | 0.24 | (0.20 | – | 0.29) | < 0.001 | 0.26 | (0.21 | – | 0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.20 | (0.14 | – | 0.27) | < 0.001 |
Dietary pattern | |||||||||||||||
Dietary diversity | 0.89 | (0.80 | – | 0.99) | 0.049 | 0.89 | (0.77 | – | 1.01) | 0.078 | 0.92 | (0.75 | – | 1.12) | 0.406 |
Low fruit, vegetable, and dairy product frequency | 1.02 | (0.92 | – | 1.13) | 0.723 | 1.02 | (0.90 | – | 1.17) | 0.728 | 1.01 | (0.84 | – | 1.22) | 0.922 |
High meat frequency | 1.18 | (1.07 | – | 1.32) | 0.002 | 1.19 | (1.04 | – | 1.36) | 0.010 | 1.18 | (0.98 | – | 1.41) | 0.079 |
Economic satisfaction | 1.04 | (0.89 | – | 1.21) | 0.620 | 1.05 | (0.87 | – | 1.26) | 0.624 | 0.98 | (0.74 | – | 1.29) | 0.869 |
Salaried employee (ref: No) | 0.88 | (0.67 | – | 1.15) | 0.349 | 0.91 | (0.67 | – | 1.25) | 0.570 | 0.83 | (0.49 | – | 1.41) | 0.489 |
No hospitalization over the past year (ref: Yes) | 0.81 | (0.58 | – | 1.12) | 0.194 | 0.80 | (0.53 | – | 1.21) | 0.287 | 0.85 | (0.50 | – | 1.44) | 0.541 |
Subjective health | 0.90 | (0.72 | – | 1.12) | 0.353 | 0.98 | (0.75 | – | 1.28) | 0.868 | 0.73 | (0.49 | – | 1.09) | 0.128 |
Life satisfaction | 1.03 | (0.81 | – | 1.31) | 0.818 | 1.09 | (0.80 | – | 1.47) | 0.598 | 0.95 | (0.63 | – | 1.44) | 0.804 |
BMI categories (ref: BMI < 18.5) | |||||||||||||||
18.5 < BMI < 25.0 | 0.51 | (0.31 | – | 0.84) | 0.008 | 0.50 | (0.25 | – | 0.99) | 0.049 | 0.55 | (0.27 | – | 1.13) | 0.101 |
25.0 < BMI < 30.0 | 0.64 | (0.37 | – | 1.10) | 0.103 | 0.65 | (0.31 | – | 1.36) | 0.255 | 0.61 | (0.26 | – | 1.40) | 0.244 |
30.0 < BMI | 0.67 | (0.24 | – | 1.86) | 0.446 | 1.30 | (0.36 | – | 4.65) | 0.686 | 0.11 | (0.01 | – | 1.10) | 0.060 |
Exercise frequency, enjoyment & fulfillment (E&F) (ref:< 2 times/week) | |||||||||||||||
> 3 times/week, E&F | 0.84 | (0.62 | – | 1.13) | 0.238 | 1.06 | (0.72 | – | 1.54) | 0.774 | 0.54 | (0.33 | – | 0.91) | 0.020 |
> 3 times/week | 0.92 | (0.57 | – | 1.48) | 0.715 | 1.05 | (0.56 | – | 1.95) | 0.888 | 0.74 | (0.34 | – | 1.61) | 0.449 |
< 2 times/week, E&F | 0.81 | (0.58 | – | 1.11) | 0.191 | 0.90 | (0.60 | – | 1.35) | 0.609 | 0.64 | (0.37 | – | 1.12) | 0.120 |
No fall fractures in the past year (ref: Yes) | 0.62 | (0.45 | – | 0.84) | 0.002 | 0.61 | (0.41 | – | 0.92) | 0.017 | 0.61 | (0.37 | – | 1.02) | 0.057 |
No cigarette smoking status | 0.97 | (0.78 | – | 1.20) | 0.762 | 0.85 | (0.66 | – | 1.09) | 0.197 | 1.34 | (0.88 | – | 2.03) | 0.168 |
Community and volunteer activity engagement(ref: Sometimes or No) | 0.66 | (0.53 | – | 0.82) | < 0.001 | 0.62 | (0.47 | – | 0.81) | < 0.001 | 0.77 | (0.53 | – | 1.12) | 0.167 |
Sex (ref: Men) | 0.56 | (0.43 | – | 0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.54 | (0.38 | – | 0.75) | < 0.001 | 0.60 | (0.37 | – | 0.96) | 0.031 |
Age (+ 1 years old) | 1.03 | (1.01 | – | 1.05) | 0.004 | 1.00 | (0.95 | – | 1.05) | 0.947 | 1.02 | (0.96 | – | 1.08) | 0.582 |