Table 1 Characteristics of study participants
From: Association between protoporphyrin IX and sarcopenia: a cross sectional study
Characteristics of study participants | Non-sarcopenic group | Sarcopenic group | Total | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 998) | (n = 174) | (n = 1172) | ||
Continuous variables a | ||||
Age at screening | 64.00 (14.00) | 70.00 (18.00) | 65.00 (14.00) | < 0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.68 (5.94) | 22.52 (3.32) | 27.81 (6.46) | < 0.001 |
Protoporphyrin (μg/dL RBC) | 47.00 (18.00) | 50.00 (22.00) | 48.00 (19.00) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.75 (1.70) | 14.35 (1.60) | 14.50 (1.70) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.00 (1.00) | 0.00 (1.00) | < 0.001 |
Average peak force (Newtons) | 281.30 (134.33) | 207.50 (112.90) | 270.10 (132.00) | < 0.001 |
Skeletal muscle index (kg/m2) | 7.60 (1.81) | 5.61 (1.52) | 7.31 (1.98) | < 0.001 |
Gait speed (m/s) | 1.00 (0.29) | 0.96 (0.33) | 0.99 (0.29) | < 0.001 |
Categorical variables b (%) | ||||
Race/ethnicity | 234 (23.4) | 34 (19.5) | 268 (22.9) | 0.259 |
Gender | 535 (53.6) | 91 (52.2) | 626 (53.4) | 0.750 |
Smoking | 548 (54.9) | 108 (62.1) | 656 (56.0) | 0.072 |
Education level past high school | 578 (57.9) | 97 (56.1) | 675 (57.6) | 0.650 |
Arthritis | 391 (39.2) | 60 (34.5) | 451 (38.5) | 0.240 |
Congestive heart failure | 39 (3.9) | 12 (6.9) | 51 (4.4) | 0.075 |
Coronary heart disease | 61 (6.1) | 15 (8.6) | 76 (6.5) | 0.215 |
Angina | 61 (6.1) | 14 (8.0) | 75 (6.4) | 0.337 |
Heart attack | 62 (6.2) | 19 (10.9) | 81 (6.9) | 0.024 |
Stroke | 6 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 8 (0.7) | 0.418 |
Emphysema | 23 (2.3) | 13 (7.5) | 36 (3.1) | < 0.001 |