Pre-stroke cognitive impairment is associated with vascular imaging pathology: a prospective observational study

BMC Geriatrics

Table 3 Distribution of imaging pathology and pre-stroke cognitive impairment

Pathological Imaging group	N (%)	GDS 1 N(%) 282 (69)	GDS ≥ 2 N(%) 125 (31)	Unadjusted Odds ratio (CI) (†)	p-value	Adjusted Odds ratio (CI) (††)	p-value
Normal	131 (32)	106 (81)	25 (19)	1		1
Cerebrovascular pathology	120 (29)	75 (62.5)	45 (37.5)	2.5 (1.4 to 4.5)	0.001*	2.0 (1.0 to3.7)	0.001*
Mixed pathology	99 (24)	55 (56)	44 (44)	3.4 (1.9 to 6.1)	0.001*	2.9 (1.5 to 5.7)	0.001*
Neurodegeneration	57 (14)	46 (81)	11 (19)	1.01 (0.5 to 2.2)	0.973	1.2 (0.6 to 2.7)	0.736

GDS Global Deterioration Scale, CI confidence interval. Values are displayed as absolute frequencies (%) for normal and pathological GDS grouped by dominating imaging pattern (neurodegeneration, vascular pathology, mixed pathology or normal). Counts and frequencies are displayed for each sex separately. (†) Unadjusted odds ratio (CI) for having a pathological GDS compared to the “normal” imaging group. (††) Odds ratio adjusted for age and education
* indicating statistically significant odds ratio. Baseline GDS scores were available for 407 patients out of 410 patients in this study

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