The longitudinal association between the use of antihypertensive medications and 24-hour sleep in nursing homes: results from the randomized controlled COSMOS trial

Table 4 Associations between change in sleep parameters and change in blood pressure or change in antihypertensive medication use from baseline to month 4, in the control group

Outcome^a	Exposure	Unadjusted association (95 % CI)	p-value	Adjusted association^b (95 % CI)	p-value	n
Total sleep time	Anti hypertensives^c	15.6 (-74.0 – 105.2)	0.73	24.0 (-71.5 – 119.5)	0.62	39
Total sleep time	Systolic blood pressure^d	23.5 (3.2 – 43.8)	0.02	25.0 (4.5 – 45.5)	0.02	38
Sleep onset latency	Anti hypertensives^c	-44.8 (-86.5 – -3.1)	0.04	-51.1 (-95.6 – -7.4)	0.02	39
Sleep onset latency	Systolic blood pressure^d	-12.7 (-20.9 – -4.4)	0.01	-13.7 (-22.0 – -5.4)	0.00	38
Wake after sleep onset	Anti hypertensives^c	-8.7 (-49.5 – 32.0)	0.67	-12.7 (-56.0 – 30.6)	0.57	39
Wake after sleep onset	Systolic blood pressure^d	-3.7 (-13.9 – 6.5)	0.48	-2.8 (-13.1 – 7.6)	0.60	38
Daytime sleep	Anti hypertensives^c	61.0 (4.3 – 117.8)	0.035	50.3 (4.8-95.6))	0.03	39
Daytime sleep	Systolic blood pressure^d	3.7 (-8.4 – 15.8)	0.55	1.9 (-10.1 – 13.9)	0.76	38
Early morning awakening	Anti hypertensive^c	-20.4 (-63.2 – 22.3)	0.35	-13.1 (-59.0 – 32.8)	0.58	39
Early morning awakening	Systolic blood pressure^d	-9.6 (-20.2 – 1.0)	0.08	-9.1 (-19.9 – 1.7)	0.1	38

^aReported as average minutes per day/night
^bAdjusted for age, gender and hypertensive diagnoses at baseline (yes/ no)
^cAnti-hypertensive users compared to non-anti-hypertensive users or change in anti-hypertensive medication use from baseline to month 4 for a patient
^dIncrease in sleep parameter associated with 10 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure, the association can be interpreted as between-patients association or within-patient association

ISSN: 1471-2318