Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics among different groups based on serum 25(OH) D concentration

n

476

483

495

468

471

Age (year, \( \overline{x}\pm SD \))

59.81 ± 7.04

59.58 ± 7.02

59.97 ± 6.94

59.44 ± 7.18

58.82 ± 7.07

0.070

Female, n (%)

291(61.13)

285(59.00)

301(60.81)

282(60.26)

279(59.24)

0.950

FBG (mmol/L, M (IQU))

5.80(1.09)

5.69(1.19)

5.68(1.19)

5.60(1.08)

5.49(0.90)

0.002^*

Insulin (pmol/L, M (IQU))

88.24(61.70)

87.96(60.38)

83.15(52.22)

80.78(47.42)

73.24(43.8)

< 0.001^*

HOMA-IR

1.69(1.12)

1.68(1.09)

1.60(0.94)

1.50(0.88)

1.41(0.82)

< 0.001^*

TG (mmol/L, M (IQU))

1.24(0.97)

1.23(0.98)

1.20(0.98)

1.09(0.88)

0.97(0.74)

< 0.001^*

HDL-c (mmol/L, M (IQU))

1.21(0.99)

1.24(0.98)

1.24(0.98)

1.28(1.00)

1.35(0.96)

< 0.001^*

BMI (Kg/m², \( \overline{x}\pm SD \))

25.15 ± 3.98

24.92 ± 4.01

25.18 ± 3.87

24.64 ± 3.77

24.44 ± 4.05

0.064

WC (cm, \( \overline{x}\pm SD \))

86.33 ± 11.09

85.83 ± 10.52

84.86 ± 10.75

81.45 ± 11.04

75.26 ± 10.43

< 0.001^*

Hypertension, n (%)

267(56.09)

271(56.11)

273(55.15)

240(51.28)

230(48.83)

0.085

Familial history of diabetes, n (%)

69(14.50)

73(15.11)

72(14.55)

60(12.82)

59(12.53)

0.717

Familial history of CHD, n (%)

120(25.21)

119(24.64)

122(24.65)

117(25.00)

102(21.66)

0.701