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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population, WHO-SAGE Wave 1 (2007/10)

From: Association of life course socioeconomic status and adult height with cognitive functioning of older adults in India and China

Background Characteristics

Categories

India

China

Mean age (years, SD)

 

61.5 (8.89)

62.6(8.96)

Mean height (cm, SD)

 

156.7(9.97)

159.2(8.68)

Mean cognitive functioning (score, SD)

 

38.1 (10.01)

50.9 (11.8)

–

 

%

%

Sex

Male

51.0

49.8

Female

49.0

50.2

Residence

Urban

28.9

47.4

Rural

71.1

52.6

Marital status

Married

76.9

85.1

Otherwise

23.1

14.9

Schooling

No formal education

50.8

22.6

Less than primary

10.9

18.8

Completed secondary

24.4

40.9

Higher secondary (HS) and above

13.9

17.7

Wealth quintile

Poorest

18.2

16.3

Poorer

19.5

18.1

Middle

18.8

20.5

Richer

19.6

23.3

Richest

23.9

21.8

Own employment

Never worked

27.0

8.6

Informal employment

22.2

2.6

Self-employed

36.4

45.2

Private/public sector

14.4

43.6

Mother’s education

No formal education

90.2

87.4

Less than primary

5.3

6.0

Completed secondary

3.9

5.1

Higher secondary (HS) and above

0.6

1.5

Father’s education

No formal education

66.6

68.7

Less than primary

13.3

12.9

Completed secondary

15.4

13.9

Higher secondary (HS) and above

4.8

4.5

Mother’s employment

Never worked

65.5

38.7

Informal employment

17.6

1.8

Self-employed

14.5

48.6

Private/public sector

2.5

10.9

Father’s employment

Never worked

2.8

24.8

Informal employment

26.4

2.0

Self-employed

57.1

51.1

Private/public sector

13.7

22.1

Body mass index

Underweight

38.3

4.1

Normal weight

48.3

59.9

Overweight

10.6

29.9

Obesity

2.8

6.1

Self-rated health

Good

77.6

78.8

Poor

22.4

21.2

1 + ADL

No

47.8

87.1

Yes

52.2

12.9

Sleep problems

No

85.5

97.3

Yes

14.5

2.7

Edentulism (Teeth loss)

No

84.9

90.9

Yes

15.1

9.1

Tobacco use

No

53.1

73.6

Yes

46.9

26.4

Alcohol use

No

96.0

83.2

Yes

4.0

16.8

Physical inactivity

No

68.5

61.2

Yes

31.5

38.8

Self-reported depression

No

95.9

99.7

Yes

4.1

0.3

Observations

–

6560

13,106