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Table 7 Clinical variables in comparison between sexes

From: Describing people with cognitive impairment and their complex treatment needs during routine care in the hospital – cross-sectional results of the intersec-CM study

 

Total sample (n = 401)

Male (n = 147)

Female (n = 254)

p-value

Cognitive status (MMSE)

n = 401

n = 147

n = 254

 

 Score, (10–26), mean (SD)

22.2

(3.6)

21.9

(4.0)

22.3

(3.5)

.273

 Mild cognitive impairment (score 20–26), n (%)

323

80.5%

116

78.9%

207

81.5%

.307

 Moderate cognitive impairment (score 10–19), n (%)

78

19.5%

31

21.1%

47

18.5%

 

Functional Status (Barthel)

n = 400

n = 146

n = 254

 

 Score, mean (SD)

50.4

(15.4)

49.1

(16.1)

51.1

(14.9)

.196

HABAM

n = 401

n = 147

n = 254

 

 Score (0–26), mean (SD)

19.1

(5.9)

19.3

(6.3)

19.1

(5.7)

.762

 Balancea (0–21), mean (SD)

12.7

(7.0)

12.3

(7.3)

13.0

(6.9)

.300

 Transferb (0–18), mean (SD)

14.5

(5.0)

14.6

(5.0)

14.5

(5.1)

.812

 Mobilityc (0–26),mean (SD)

16.0

(7.8)

15.9

(8.2)

16.1

(7.6)

.850

Edmonton Frailty Index

n = 397

n = 145

n = 252

 

 Score, (2–15), mean (SD)

7.4

(2.5)

7.6

(2.4)

7.2

(2.5)

.136

Level of impairment

n = 396

n = 144

n = 252

 

 Yes, n (%)

197

50.3%

64

44.4%

133

52.8%

.068

 Care level

  None, n (%)

199

51.0%

80

56.3%

119

48.0%

.338

  1, n (%)

29

7.4%

9

6.3%

20

8.1%

 

  2, n (%)

88

22.6%

24

16.9%

64

25.8%

 

  3, n (%)

63

16.2%

26

18.3%

37

14.9%

 

  4, n (%)

10

2.6%

3

2.1%

7

2.8%

 

  5, n (%)

1

0.3%

0

0.0%

1

0.4%

 

Diagnosis of dementia (ICD-10)

n = 401

n = 147

n = 254

 

 Yes, n (%)

12

3.0%

2

1.4%

10

3.9%

.122

Geriatric Diagnosis (ICD-10)

n = 401

n = 147

n = 254

 

 Yes, n (%)

188

46.9%

76

51.7%

112

44.1%

.086

Delirium possible

n = 387

n = 140

n = 247

 

 Yes, n (%)

31

8.0%

19

13.6%

12

4.9%

.003*

Depression

n = 401

n = 147

n = 254

 

 At least one main symptom of depression according to DSM-V, n (%)

77

19.2%

27

18.4%

50

19.7%

.427

Pharmacological treatment

n = 398

n = 145

n = 253

 

 Total number of regularly taken drugs, mean (SD)

8.2

(3.8)

8.7

(3.6)

8.0

(4.0)

.064

Utilization of health care services (preceding year)

 Hospital stayd

  One or two hospital staysd, n (%)

293

74.9%

103

72.0%

190

76.6%

.187

  More than two hospital staysd, n (%)

98

25.1%

40

28.0%

58

23.4%

 

  Rehabilitatione, n (%)

46

11.8%

13

9.2%

33

13.3%

.153

  Ambulatory caref, n (%)

152

38.8%

45

31.9%

107

42.6%

.023*

  Total formal care (all day & night care)g, n (%)

13

3.3%

2

1.4%

11

4.4%

.093

  Short term careh, n (%)

28

7.3%

5

3.6%

23

9.3%

.025*

  Care counsellingi, n (%)

75

21.2%

28

20.9%

47

21.4%

.514

  Additional care servicesj, n (%)

79

21.6%

27

20.1%

52

22.4%

.356

CANE

n = 396

n = 147

n = 254

 

 Sum needs overall (0–15), mean (SD)

4.38

(0.14)

4.17

(0.25)

4.50

(0.17)

.269

 Sum unaddressed needs (0–8), mean (SD)

0.60

(0.05)

0.76

(0.11)

0.50

(0.05)

.033*

  1. * Statistically significant difference between sex on a level of significance of α < 0.05
  2. aTotal n of sample = 395; n of male = 144; n of female = 251
  3. bTotal n of sample = 399; n of male = 146; n of female = 253
  4. cTotal n of sample = 399; n of male = 146; n of female = 253
  5. dTotal n of sample = 391; n of male = 143; n of female = 248
  6. eTotal n of sample = 390; n of male = 141; n of female = 249
  7. fTotal n of sample = 392; n of male = 141; n of female = 251
  8. gTotal n of sample = 389; n of male = 141; n of female = 248
  9. hTotal n of sample = 386; n of male =140; n of female = 246
  10. iTotal n of sample = 354; n of male = 134; n of female = 220
  11. jTotal n of sample = 366; n of male = 134; n of female = 232; different n’s due to missing data
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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