Table 1 Characteristics of the participants by anemia status; BEH program (n = 2426)
Variable | Total (2426) | Anemic (223) | Non-anemic (2777) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age (years) | 69.34 ± 6.39 | 69.16 ± 6.25 | 71.07 ± 7.43 | < 0.0001 | |
Female sex (%) | 1545 (51.50) | 108 (48.43) | 1340 (48.25) | 0.340 | |
Marital status, n (%) | Single | 25 (0.83) | – | 25 (0.90) |  |
Married | 2248 (74.93) | 167 (74.89) | 2081 (74.94) | Â | |
Divorce | 26 (0.87) | 3 (1.35) | 23 (0.83) | Â | |
Widow | 701 (23.37) | 53 (23.77) | 648 (23.33) | Â | |
Mean hemoglobin concentration (g/dl) (SD) | Males | 15.06 ± 1.73 | 11.89 ± 0.95 | 15.41 ± 1.42 | 0.0001 |
Females | 13.96 ± 1.56 | 11.14 ± 0.87 | 14.22 ± 1.33 | 0.0001 | |
Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Males | 25.20 ± 4.01 | 25.20 ± 4.01 | 26.35 ± 4.00 | 0.003 |
Females | 28.70 ± 5.33 | 28.26 ± 6.10 | 28.74 ± 5.26 | 0.365 | |
Mean hand grip | 22.16 ± 9.23 | 19.88 ± 8.19 | 22.39 ± 9.29 | 0.0001 | |
Walking 4.57 m/s | 6.68 ± 5.75 | 7.15 ± 4.03 | 6.64 ± 5.89 | 0.203 | |
Positive for Hypertension | 1818 (75.16) | 178 (79.82) | 1640 (74.68) | 0.170 | |
Positive for Diabetes | 1228 (50.68) | 118 (52.91) | 1110 (50.45) | 0.713 | |
Positive Cognitive disorder, n (%) | Â | 1194 (39.80) | 115 (51.57) | 1079 (38.85) | 0.0001 |
Smoking | None | 735 (30.32) | 84 (37.67) | 651 (29.58) | 0.021 |
Past cigarette or hookah | 1185 (48.89) | 104 (46.64) | 1081 (49.11) | ||
current cigarette or hookah | 504 (20.79) | 35 (15.70) | 469 (21.31) | ||
Physical activity, n (%) | Not active | 155 (6.39) | 25 (11.21) | 130 (5.91) | 0.001 |
Sedentary | 1714 (70.71) | 164 (73.54) | 1550 (70.42) | ||
Low active | 397 (16.38) | 22 (9.87) | 375 (17.04) | ||
Active | 132 (5.45) | 8 (3.59) | 124 (5.63) | ||
Very active | 26 (1.07) | 4 (1.79) | 22 (1.00) | ||