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Table 2 Relative hazards of subsequent mortality by sleep duration (per day) and vegetable consumption, CLHLS, the 2008–2014 panel

From: Sleep duration, vegetable consumption and all-cause mortality among older adults in China: a 6-year prospective study

 

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

Model V

Sleeping hours/day

  ≤ 5 h (7–8)

1.18***

 

1.15***

1.15***

1.08*

 6 h (7–8)

1.14***

 

1.13**

1.12**

1.08*

 9 h (7–8)

1.06

 

1.07

1.08

1.09+

  ≥ 10 h (7–8)

1.30***

 

1.29***

1.27***

1.18***

Frequency of vegetable consumption

 High (low)

 

0.78***

0.80***

0.82***

0.91*

Covariates

 Demographics

  Age (mean, years)

1.08***

1.08***

1.07***

1.07***

1.06***

  Men (women)

1.24***

1.25***

1.34***

1.44***

1.52***

  Urban (rural)

0.88***

0.89***

0.94*

0.97

0.93**

Socioeconomic factors

 1+ years of schooling (0)

  

0.95

0.97

1.02

 Economic independence (no)

  

0.71***

0.77***

0.78***

 Professional occupation (no)

  

1.09+

1.11*

1.07

 Access to healthcare (no)

  

0.90**

0.91*

0.95

Family/Social support

 Currently married (no)

   

0.80***

0.81***

 Close proximity to children (no)

   

1.09*

1.07*

Health practice

 Doing regular exercise (no)

   

0.92*

0.96

 Currently smoking (no)

   

0.69***

0.78***

Health condition

 ADL disabled (no)

    

1.60***

 Cognitively impaired (no)

    

1.47***

 Self-reported good health (no)

    

1.16***

 N (observations)

20,774

20,774

20,774

20,774

20,774

 -log likelihood

15,763.3***

15,997.0***

15,681.2***

15,566.0***

15,209.9***

  1. Note: Relative hazards were obtained from parametric survival analyses. The category of each variable in the parentheses is the reference group of that variable. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, +p < 0.1