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Table 1 Baseline variables

From: Malnutrition is not related with emergence delirium in older patients after noncardiac surgery

Variables

All patients

(n = 915)

Control group

(n = 425)

Malnutrition group (n = 490)

P

Age, year, mean ± SD

71.6 ± 5.2

69.3 ± 4.2

73.6 ± 5.2

< 0.001

≥75 years, n (%)

264 (28.9 %)

61(14.4 %)

203(41.1 %)

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

548 (59.9 %)

180(44.0 %)

310(56.0 %)

0.025

BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD

24.2 ± 3.5

25.2 ± 3.0

23.2 ± 3.6

< 0.001

Preoperative comorbidity, n (%)

    

Stroke

52 (5.7 %)

14(3.3 %)

38(7.8 %)

0.004

Hypertension

475 (51.9 %)

226(53.2 %)

249(50.8 %)

0.476

Coronary heart disease

129 (14.1 %)

61(14.4 %)

68(13.9 %)

0.837

Arrhythmia

57 (6.2 %)

26(6.1 %)

31(6.3 %)

0.896

Pulmonary disease a

66 (7.2 %)

27(6.4 %)

39(8.0 %)

0.349

Diabetes

219 (23.9 %)

108(25.4 %)

111(22.7 %)

0.329

Hyperlipidemia

95 (10.4 %)

49(11.5 %)

46(9.4 %)

0.290

Hepatic dysfunction b

45 (4.9 %)

14(3.3 %)

31(6.3 %)

0.034

Malignant tumor c

105 (11.5 %)

37(8.7 %)

68(13.9 %)

0.014

Chronic smoking d

223 (24.4 %)

105(24.7 %)

118(24.1 %)

0.826

Cognitive impairment e

597 (65.2 %)

260(61.2 %)

337(68.8 %)

0.016

History of surgery, n (%)

491(53.7 %)

221(52.0 %)

270(55.1 %)

0.881

CCI, median (IQR)e

2 (2,3)

2(2,3)

3(2,3)

< 0.001

ASA classification, n (%)

   

0.001

Class II

678 (74.0 %)

336(79.1 %)

342(69.8 %)

 

Class III

237 (26.0 %)

89(20.9 %)

148(30.2 %)

 

Laboratory tests,

    

Albumin, g/L, mean ± SD

40.6 ± 4.7

41.7 ± 3.3

39.6 ± 5.5

< 0.001

<30 g/L, n (%)

22(2.4 %)

0(0.0 %)

22(4.5 %)

< 0.001

Creatinine, µmol/L, mean ± SD

80.2 ± 20.9

77.4 ± 18.7

82.5 ± 22.3

0.004

Glucose, mmol/L, mean ± SD

6.0 ± 1.7

6.0 ± 1.6

6.1 ± 1.8

0.332

Hematocrit, %, mean ± SD

39.4 ± 5.3

40.8 ± 4.7

38.2 ± 5.5

0.002

Barthel index, median (IQR) f

100 (100,100)

100 (95,100)

100 (100,100)

0.606

NRS 2002, median (IQR)

3 (2,4)

2 (1,2)

3 (3,5)

< 0.001

  1. SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, IQR interquartile range, ASA American Society of Anesthesiology, NRS 2002 nutritional risk screening 2002
  2. a Pulmonary disease included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma
  3. b Hepatic dysfunction was defined as Alanine transaminase and/or aspartate transaminase higher than 5 times of the upper normal limit
  4. c Malignant tumor was defined as carcinoma (carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma), sarcoma and undifferentiated carcinoma
  5. d Chronic smoking was defined as half a pack of cigarettes per day for at least 2 years
  6. e Cognitive impairment was defined as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score less than 27
  7. f Barthel index was used to assess activity of daily life (0-100 score, and higher score indicates better activity)