Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants (n = 430)
Characteristic | n(%) | score(`x ± s) | t/F value | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | ||||||||
60~ | 116(27.0) | 113.53 ± 9.39 | 7.624b | 0.001 | ||||
70~ | 216(50.2) | 114.34 ± 11.80 | ||||||
80~ | 98(22.8) | 109.13 ± 11.39 | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||
Male | 164(38.1) | 112.17 ± 11.08 | -1.094a | 0.274 | ||||
Female | 266(61.7) | 113.39 ± 11.38 | ||||||
Education level | ||||||||
Primary school or less | 69(16.0) | 116.62 ± 10.29 | 12.168 b | <0.001 | ||||
Middle school | 166(38.5) | 115.28 ± 10.35 | ||||||
High school | 136(31.6) | 110.45 ± 11.02 | ||||||
College or above | 59(13.7) | 107.71 ± 12.41 | ||||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Unmarried | 3(0.7) | 118.67 ± 7.51 | 1.136b | 0.334 | ||||
Married | 313(72.6) | 112.99 ± 11.01 | ||||||
Divorce | 10(2.3) | 107.20 ± 11.60 | ||||||
Widowed | 104(24.1) | 113.13 ± 12.02 | ||||||
Primary caregiver | ||||||||
Spouse | 138(32.0) | 112.12 ± 8.84 | 2.984 b | 0.019 | ||||
Child | 154(35.7) | 111.53 ± 10.21 | ||||||
Nursing workers | 39(9.0) | 114.67 ± 15.15 | ||||||
No | 86(20.0) | 116.22 ± 13.63 | ||||||
Other | 13(3.0) | 111.00 ± 12.28 | ||||||
Income per month(RMB) | ||||||||
<2000 | 83(19.3) | 116.93 ± 10.13 | 17.315 b | <0.001 | ||||
2000~ | 149(34.6) | 115.83 ± 11.20 | ||||||
3000~ | 135(31.3) | 110.01 ± 10.06 | ||||||
>4000 | 63(14.6) | 107.03 ± 11.37 | ||||||
Living status | ||||||||
Lives with spouse only | 233(54.1) | 113.31 ± 10.23 | 0.199 b | 0.897 | ||||
Lives with children only | 84(19.5) | 112.58 ± 12.46 | ||||||
Lives with both spouse and children | 70(16.2) | 112.33 ± 11.86 | ||||||
Lives alone | 43(10.0) | 112.51 ± 13.38 | ||||||
Health conditions(diagnoses) | ||||||||
High blood pressure | 362(84.0) | 112.95 ± 11.37 | -0.095 | 0.924 | ||||
Stroke | 199(46.2) | 113.20 ± 11.22 | -0.466 | 0.641 | ||||
Diabetes | 255(59.2) | 113.73 ± 11.22 | -1.794 | 0.074 | ||||
Hyperlipidemia | 281(65.2) | 111.99 ± 19.70 | 2.385 | 0.022 | ||||
Coronary heart disease | 254(58.9) | 112.30 ± 10.74 | 1.383 | 0.176 | ||||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 134(31.1) | 115.22 ± 10.72 | -2.867 | 0.004 | ||||
Number of medicines | ||||||||
5 ~ 10 | 174(40.4)) | 109.71 ± 10.31 | 25.901 b | <0.001 | ||||
11 ~ 15 | 203(47.1)) | 113.41 ± 11.15 | ||||||
>15 | 53(12.3) | 121.66 ± 9.86 | ||||||
Frequency of medicines | ||||||||
Once per day | 49(11.4) | 105.16 ± 9.97 | 16.367 b | <0.001 | ||||
Twice per day | 91(21.1) | 110.36 ± 11.49 | ||||||
Three per day | 224(52.0) | 114.16 ± 10.71 | ||||||
More than three times per day | 66(15.3) | 118.06 ± 10.09 | ||||||
Monthly self-paid medication(RMB) | ||||||||
<100 | 44(10.2) | 104.20 ± 9.69 | 13.573b | <0.001 | ||||
100~ | 98(22.7) | 110.28 ± 9.93 | ||||||
300~ | 128(29.7) | 113.64 ± 11.57 | ||||||
500~ | 129(29.9) | 115.89 ± 10.12 | ||||||
800~ | 31(7.2) | 118.42 ± 12.37 | ||||||