Table 2 Baseline characteristics
|  |  | Hospital-ADL (n = 120) | Surprise question cohort (n = 84) | Transitional care bridge study (n = 45) | Cardiac care bridge (n = 280) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | |||||
 Age |  | 79.3 ± 6.1 | 82.8 ± 6.4 | 81.8 ± 7.6 | 82.3 ± 6.3 |
  70–79 years |  | 65 (45.2) | 28 (33.3) | 22 (48.9) | 86 (30.7) |
   ≥ 80 years |  | 55 (45.8) | 56 (66.7) | 23 (51.1) | 194 (69.3) |
 Sex | Female | 65 (54.2) | 45 (54.8) | 17 (37.8) | 145 (51.8) |
 Educational levela | Primary school or less | 31 (25.8) | 35 (40.5) | 37 (82.2) | 112 (40.0) |
Secondary education | 68 (56.6) | 34 (40.5) | 5 (11.1) | 92 (32.9) | |
College or university | 21 (17.5) | 16 (19.0) | 3 (6.7) | 75 (26.8) | |
 Living arrangement | Living alone | 48 (40.0) | 44 (52.4) | 16 (35.6) | 160 (57.1) |
Hospital admission | |||||
 Diagnosis on admission | Heart failure | 48 (40.0) | 26 (31.0) | 25 (55.6) | 173 (61.8) |
Acute coronary syndrome | 28 (23.3) | 33 (39.3) | 10 (22.2) | 42 (15.0) | |
Other | 44 (36.7) | 25 (29.8) | 10 (22.2) | 65 (23.2) | |
 Length of stay | Days | 5.1 [3.3–8.5] | 7.0 [4.0–12.0] | 8.0 [5.0–16.5] | 7.0 [4.3–10.0] |
 Hospital admission ≤ 6 months prior to index event |  | 37 (30.8) | 20 (23.8) | 17 (37.8) | 128 (45.7) |
Geriatric conditions | |||||
 Polypharmacy | ≥ 5 medicines | 79 (65.8) | 62 (73.8) | 40 (88.9) | 225 (80.4) |
 Charlson Comorbidity Index |  | 1 [1–3] | 2 [1–4] | 4 [2–5] | 3 [1–4] |
 MMSE |  | 26.5 ± 2.9 | 25.3 ± 1.8 | 25.7 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 3.6 |
 Depression | GDS-15 | 3.4 ± 2.5 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 3.4 ± 2.5 |
 Handgrip strengthb | kg | 27.6 ± 10.4 | 23.7 ± 2.4 | 18.4 ± 7.3 | 21.4 ± 8.8 |
 Functional status | SPPB | 7.0 ± 3.5 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 2.8 |
DSMS-itemsc | |||||
 Delirium risk score | DSMS at risk of delirium | 19 (15.8) | 24 (28.6) | 37 (82.2) | 159 (56.8) |
 Fall ≤ 6 months | DSMS risk of falling | 39 (32.5) | 21 (25.0) | 21 (46.7) | 133 (47.5) |
 Functional impairment (KATZ-6) | DSMS impairment in ADL | 38 (31.7) | 22 (26.2) | 23 (51.1) | 112 (40.0) |
 Malnutrition risk (SNAQ) | DSMS risk of malnutrition | 32 (26.7) | 5 (6.0) | 21 (46.7) | 94 (33.6) |
 DSMS score 0 |  | 43 (35.8) | 44 (52.4) | 3 (6.7) | 21 (7.5) |
 DSMS score 1 |  | 42 (35.0) | 15 (17.9) | 8 (17.8) | 97 (34.6) |
 DSMS score 2 |  | 24 (20.0) | 20 (23.8) | 19 (42.2) | 97 (34.6) |
 DSMS score 3 or 4 |  | 11 (9.2) | 5 (6.0) | 15 (33.3) | 65 (23.2) |