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Table 4 Multiple linear regression of factors of ZBI

From: Combining a variable‐centered and a person-centered analytical approach to caregiving burden – a holistic approach

 

Impact on Caregiver life

Uncertainty over future

Frustration/embarrassment

 

β

95 % CI

p

β

95 % CI

p

β

95 % CI

p

Age

-0.06

-0.15

0.03

0.200

-0.06

-0.09

-0.02

0.003

-0.07

-0.13

-0.003

0.041

Gender

 Male

-1.25

-4.63

2.12

0.466

-0.58

-1.97

0.80

0.408

-0.43

-2.83

1.97

0.725

 Female

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ethnicity

 Chinese

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 Malay

-3.56

-6.25

-0.88

0.010

-0.55

-1.65

0.55

0.325

-1.64

-3.56

0.27

0.091

 Indian & others

0.27

-2.87

3.40

0.868

0.33

-0.95

1.62

0.610

1.33

-0.90

3.56

0.242

Education level

 Secondary or below (include N/O level)

-1.34

-3.27

0.60

0.175

-0.41

-1.20

0.39

0.313

-0.42

-1.80

0.96

0.550

  A level, polytechnic and other diploma

-1.43

-3.45

0.59

0.165

-0.49

-1.32

0.34

0.245

-0.82

-2.26

0.62

0.265

 Degree or above

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

Marital status

 Single

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 Married/divorced/widowed

-1.38

-3.24

0.47

0.143

-0.37

-1.13

0.39

0.339

-0.52

-1.84

0.80

0.439

Employment status

 Unemployed/retired/housewife

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 Employed

0.06

-1.74

1.86

0.947

-0.63

-1.37

0.10

0.092

-0.85

-2.12

0.43

0.194

Relationship to the PWD

 Spouse

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 Son

-0.06

-3.90

3.78

0.976

-1.68

-3.25

-0.10

0.037

-0.89

-3.62

1.85

0.524

 Daughter

-1.01

-4.28

2.26

0.544

-1.88

-3.22

-0.54

0.006

-0.29

-2.62

2.03

0.803

 Others

-3.09

-6.73

0.56

0.097

-2.35

-3.84

-0.85

0.002

-1.46

-4.06

1.14

0.269

Living arrangement

 Living withith PWD

0.51

-1.50

2.51

0.618

-0.79

-1.61

0.04

0.061

0.91

-0.52

2.34

0.209

 Living separately from PWD

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

Domestic helper

 Have

-0.23

-2.00

1.55

0.803

0.47

-0.25

1.20

0.200

-0.22

-1.48

1.04

0.734

 Don’t have

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

Received formal support during past month

 Yes

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 No

-1.58

-3.28

0.11

0.066

-0.14

-0.83

0.55

0.691

-0.97

-2.18

0.23

0.114

Self-rated health

 Fair or poor

Ref

   

Ref

   

Ref

   

 Good or excellent

-2.95

-4.58

-1.32

< 0.001

-0.99

-1.66

-0.32

0.004

-0.97

-2.13

0.19

0.100

Weekly caregiving hours

0.03

0.01

0.05

< 0.001

-0.0001

-0.01

0.01

0.973

0.001

-0.01

0.01

0.826

Caregiving duration (months)

-0.01

-0.02

0.01

0.210

-0.0009

-0.01

0.01

0.769

0.001

-0.01

0.01

0.904

ADL

0.61

0.05

1.18

0.034

-0.03

-0.26

0.20

0.810

-0.01

-0.41

0.39

0.960

IADL

-0.12

-0.71

0.47

0.688

-0.02

-0.26

0.22

0.862

0.12

-0.30

0.53

0.588

MBP

0.79

0.53

1.05

< 0.001

0.23

0.13

0.34

< 0.001

0.52

0.33

0.71

< 0.001