Table 1 Socio-economic profile of older adults and percentage of older adults who faced any violence by background characteristics in India
From: Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults – findings from India
Variables | Sample | Percentage | Any violence (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 0.008 | |||
60–69 | 5890 | 61.8 | 10.7 | |
70–79 | 2612 | 27.4 | 10.7 | |
80+ | 1036 | 10.9 | 15.4 | |
Sex | 0.029 | |||
Men | 4525 | 47.4 | 10.8 | |
Women | 5014 | 52.6 | 11.5 | |
Educational status | 0.001 | |||
None | 4871 | 51.1 | 13.6 | |
Below 5 years | 1954 | 20.5 | 11.8 | |
6 to 10 years | 2136 | 22.4 | 6.6 | |
11+ years | 578 | 6.1 | 6.0 | |
Marital status | 0.001 | |||
Not in union | 3759 | 39.4 | 12.3 | |
Currently in union | 5780 | 60.6 | 10.5 | |
Living arrangement | 0.001 | |||
Alone | 561 | 5.9 | 17.6 | |
With spouse | 1521 | 15.9 | 12.2 | |
With children | 6717 | 70.4 | 10.6 | |
Others | 740 | 7.8 | 9.6 | |
Working status | 0.001 | |||
No | 7229 | 75.8 | 9.9 | |
Yes | 2310 | 24.2 | 15.2 | |
Contribute money for household expenditure | 0.034 | |||
No income | 4110 | 43.1 | 10.7 | |
Yes | 5013 | 52.6 | 11.2 | |
No | 416 | 4.4 | 15.4 | |
Wealth quintile | 0.001 | |||
Poorest | 2251 | 23.6 | 17.3 | |
Poorer | 2114 | 22.2 | 13.1 | |
Middle | 1970 | 20.7 | 8.4 | |
Richer | 1771 | 18.6 | 8.0 | |
Richest | 1433 | 15.0 | 6.4 | |
Religion | 0.187 | |||
Hindu | 7570 | 79.4 | 11.1 | |
Muslim | 671 | 7.0 | 10.0 | |
Sikh | 898 | 9.4 | 12.4 | |
Others | 400 | 4.2 | 12.9 | |
Caste | 0.045 | |||
Scheduled Caste | 1979 | 20.7 | 12.0 | |
Scheduled Tribe | 531 | 5.6 | 14.0 | |
Other Backward Class | 3507 | 36.8 | 7.9 | |
Others | 3522 | 36.9 | 13.5 | |
Place of residence | 0.001 | |||
Rural | 7042 | 73.8 | 12.2 | |
Urban | 2497 | 26.2 | 8.3 | |
State | 0.001 | |||
Himachal Pradesh | 1470 | 15.4 | 11.5 | |
Punjab | 1351 | 14.2 | 10.4 | |
West Bengal | 1127 | 11.8 | 7.5 | |
Orissa | 1453 | 15.2 | 9.2 | |
Maharashtra | 1380 | 14.5 | 34.3 | |
Kerala | 1356 | 14.2 | 2.9 | |
Tamil Nadu | 1403 | 14.7 | 1.9 | |
Total | 9539 | 100 | 11.2 |