Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between HUR and conventional gym training (n = 80)
Characteristic | HUR (n = 57) | Conventional (n = 23) | P-value for difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Age (yr), mean (SD) | 76 (6) | 78 (7) | 0.236 |
Women, frequency (%) | 37 (65) | 16 (70) | 0.690 | |
White European/Australian origin, frequency (%) | 48 (84) | 21 (91) | 0.404 | |
Training | Years trained, mean (SD) | 1.20 (0.64) | 1.39 (0.63) | 0.235 |
Weekly gym visits, mean (SD) | 1.08 (0.54) | 0.99 (0.42) | 0.503 | |
Anthropometric measurements | Height (cm), mean (SD) | 163.9 (9.5) | 163.2 (9.5) | 0.765 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 77.1 (17.9) | 71.0 (15.4) | 0.155 | |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.65 (6.02) | 26.46 (3.76) | 0.055 | |
Muscle strength | HGS (kg), mean (SD) | 26.54 (8.68) | 25.47 (7.38) | 0.718 |
CS (s), mean (SD) | 9.93 (3.98) | 9.02 (3.48) | 0.024 * | |
Lean mass | ALM (kg), mean (SD) | 19.43 (5.33) | 18.12 (4.81) | 0.310 |
FNIH | ALM/BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 0.69 (0.17) | 0.68 (0.15) | 0.945 |
EWGSOP2 | ALM/h2 (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 7.14 (1.42) | 6.70 (1.11) | 0.195 |
Physical performance | GS (m/s), mean (SD) | 1.31 (0.27) | 1.36 (0.17) | 0.355 |
SPPB (score), median (IQR) | 11 (2) | 12 (0) | 0.060 | |
TUG (s), mean (SD) | 8.96 (4.62) | 7.41 (1.14) | 0.052 | |
400 m walk (min), mean (SD) | 5.58 (1.79) | 5.34 (1.21) | 0.307 | |
Self-reported physical performance | PASE (score), mean (SD) | 127 (61) | 128 (44) | 0.946 |
Self-reported nutrition | ARFS (score), mean (SD) | 36 (10) | 36 (8) | 0.978 |
AES protein (g), mean (SD) | 108 (39) | 88 (27) | 0.029 * | |
AES energy (kJ), mean (SD) | 9698 (3006) | 8266 (2904) | 0.055 | |