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Table 2 Prevalence of risk for pressure ulcers, malnutrition, poor oral health and falls in according to type of housing, age groups, BMI, municipalities and sex (n = 12,518)

From: Prevalence of risk for pressure ulcers, malnutrition, poor oral health and falls – a register study among older persons receiving municipal health care in southern Sweden

Type of housing

Short term nursing care

n = 487

Home health care

n = 1692

Nursing homes

n = 8558

Dementia care units

n = 1781

P values

< 0.05*

Risk of pressure ulcers

139 (28.5)

233 (13.8)

2573 (30.1)

553 (31.0)

A, D, E

Risk of malnutrition

413 (84.8)

801 (47.3)

4715 (55.1)

1115 (62.6)

A, B, C, D, E, F

Risk of poor oral health

152 (31.2)

470 (27.8)

2906 (34.0)

751 (42.2)

C, D, E, F

Risk of falls

375 (77.0)

1078 (63.7)

6448 (75.3)

1428 (80.2)

A, D, E, F

Age groups

65–74

n = 1152

75–84

n = 3666

85–94

n = 6114

95–106

n = 1586

P values**

Risk of pressure ulcers

265 (23.0)

1099 (30.0)

1656 (27.1)

478 (30.1)

0.070

Risk of malnutrition

601 (52.2)

2182 (60.0)

3374 (55.2)

887 (56.0)

0.506

Risk of poor oral health

472 (41.0)

1299 (35.4)

1992 (32.6)

516 (32.6)

< 0.001

Risk of falls

764 (66.3)

2699 (73.6)

4584 (75.0)

1285 (81.0)

< 0.001

BMI****

< 18.5

n = 933

18.5–24.9

n = 5639

25.0–29.9

n = 3853

> 30.0

n = 2080

P values**

Risk of pressure ulcers

465 (49.8)

1647 (29.2)

916 (23.8)

465 (22.4)

< 0.001

Risk of malnutrition

933 (100)

3739 (66.3)

1605 (41.7)

759 (36.5)

< 0.001

Risk of poor oral health

441 (47.3)

1956 (34.7)

1225 (31.8)

656 (31.5)

< 0.001

Risk of falls

706 (75.7)

4173 (74.0)

2880 (74.7)

1561 (75.0)

0.643

Municipalities

Large cities/municipalities near large cities

n = 2959

Medium-sized towns/municipalities near medium-sized towns

n = 5817

Smaller towns/urban areas and rural municipalities

n = 3742

 

P values**

Risk of pressure ulcers

874 (29.5)

1628 (28.0)

996 (26.6)

 

0.008

Risk of malnutrition

1773 (59.9)

3254 (55.9)

2017 (53.9)

 

< 0.001

Risk of poor oral health

961 (32.5)

1973 (33.9)

1345 (35.9)

 

0.003

Risk of falls

2298 (77.7)

4306 (74.0)

2725 (72.8)

 

< 0.001

Sex

Women

n = 8265

Men

n = 4253

  

P values ***

Risk of pressure ulcers

2413 (29.2)

1085 (25.5)

  

< 0.001

Risk of malnutrition

4704 (56.9)

2340 (55.0)

  

0.044

Risk of poor oral health

2733 (33.1)

1546 (36.4)

  

< 0.001

Risk of falls

6177 (74.7)

3152 (74.1)

  

0.449

  1. Note: A=Short term nursing care compared to Home health care; B=Short term nursing care compared to Nursing homes; C=Short term nursing care compared to Dementia care units; D=Home health care compared to Nursing homes; E=Home health care compared to Dementia care units; F=Nursing homes compared to Dementia care units. *Chi square test with the Bonferroni correction for multiple analyses. All the presented p values were p < 0.006. Significant level in the current study was set at p < 0.05. **Test for trend. ***Chi square test. **** BMI was available for 99.9% of the measurements (n = 12,505)