Table 1 Characteristics of participants by cognitive impairment (n = 649)
From: Salivary flow rate and the risk of cognitive impairment among Korean elders: a cross-sectional study
Variable | n | Cognitive impairment | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 406) | Yes (n = 243) | |||
MMSE-KC score | 649 | 27.0 ± 1.8 | 19.8 ± 3.3 | < 0.001 |
Salivary flow rate (mL/min) | 0.004 | |||
Normal (≥ 0.3) | 414 | 276 (68.0) | 138 (56.8) | |
Low (< 0.3) | 235 | 130 (32.0) | 105 (43.2) | |
Hyposalivation (< 0.1) | 97 | 66 (16.2) | 31 (12.8) | |
Denture status | 0.2 | |||
Dentate | 378 | 244 (60.1) | 134 (55.1) | |
Denture | 271 | 162 (39.9) | 109 (44.9) | |
Age (year) | 649 | 75.8 ± 5.2 | 76.8 ± 5.5 | 0.03 |
Sex | 0.17 | |||
Male | 211 | 140 (34.5) | 71 (29.2) | |
Female | 438 | 266 (65.5) | 172 (70.8) | |
Education level | < 0.001 | |||
Junior school | 495 | 287 (70.7) | 208 (85.6) | |
High school | 154 | 119 (29.3) | 35 (14.4) | |
Smokinga | 0.02 | |||
No | 441 | 262 (64.5) | 179 (73.7) | |
Yes | 208 | 144 (35.5) | 64 (26.3) | |
Drinkingb | 0.001 | |||
No | 219 | 118 (29.1) | 101 (41.6) | |
Yes | 430 | 288 (70.9) | 142 (58.4) | |
HbA1C | 649 | 6.05 ± 0.8 | 6.12 ± 0.9 | 0.1 |
Diabetesc | 0.09 | |||
No | 451 | 292 (71.9) | 159 (65.4) | |
Yes | 198 | 114 (28.1) | 84 (34.6) | |
Hypertensiond | 0.03 | |||
No | 298 | 173 (42.6) | 125 (51.4) | |
Yes | 351 | 233 (57.4) | 118 (48.6) | |
Obesitye | 0.01 | |||
No | 362 | 211 (52.0) | 151 (62.1) | |
Yes | 287 | 195 (48.0) | 92 (37.9) | |